Genetics and Plant Breeding History
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Question No. 1
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What is the largest cell size mentioned, in terms of measurement unit?
A.
75 µm
B.
5.0 µm
C.
75 mm
D.
0.2 µm
Question No. 2
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Which type of cells are surrounded by a nonliving and rigid coat called the cell wall?
A.
Animal cells
B.
Bacterial cells
C.
Plant cells
D.
Fungal cells
Question No. 3
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What is the cell wall in plant cells secreted and maintained by?
A.
Vacuole
B.
Nucleus
C.
Protoplasm
D.
Plasma membrane
Question No. 4
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What is NOT a main function of the cell wall in plant cells?
A.
Mechanical support
B.
Definite shape
C.
Strength to tissues and organs
D.
Permeability barrier
Question No. 5
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How many parts is the cell wall differentiated into?
A.
Two
B.
Four
C.
Three
D.
Five
Question No. 6
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Which part of the cell wall joins the walls of immediate neighbor cells?
A.
Secondary cell wall
B.
Primary cell wall
C.
Middle Lamella
D.
Plasma membrane
Question No. 7
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What is the main component of the middle lamella in plant cells?
A.
Cellulose
B.
Hemicelluloses
C.
Pectin
D.
Lipid
Question No. 8
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In what form is pectin mainly present in the middle lamella?
A.
Simple pectin
B.
Methylated pectin
C.
Mainly in the form of Ca2+& Mg2 salts
D.
Pectin acids
Question No. 9
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Which cell wall layer is deposited after the formation of the middle lamella?
A.
Secondary cell wall
B.
Primary cell wall
C.
Tertiary cell wall
D.
Middle lamella
Question No. 10
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Which cell type contains only the primary cell wall?
A.
Mature plant cells
B.
Meristematic tissues cells
C.
Animal cells
D.
Parenchyma cells
Question No. 11
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What are the main constituents of the primary cell wall, and their percentages?
A.
Cellulose (53 %) and Hemicelluloses (30 %)
B.
Lignin (30 %) and Pectin (53 %)
C.
Hemicelluloses (53 %) and Cellulose (30 %)
D.
Pectin (30 %) and Lignin (53 %)
Question No. 12
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Which cell wall layer is described as the innermost layer of the wall?
A.
Primary cell wall
B.
Middle lamella
C.
Secondary cell wall
D.
Tonoplast
Question No. 13
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What is the main component of the secondary cell wall?
A.
Hemicelluloses
B.
Pectin
C.
Lignin
D.
Cellulose
Question No. 14
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What is another name for the plasma membrane?
A.
Cell wall
B.
Tonoplast
C.
Plasma lemma
D.
Middle lamella
Question No. 15
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What are the main components of the plasma membrane, and their approximate percentages?
A.
Lipid (40 %) and proteins (60 %)
B.
Carbohydrates (60 %) and proteins (40 %)
C.
Lipid (60 %) and proteins (40 %)
D.
Carbohydrates (40 %) and Lipid (60 %)
Question No. 16
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What acts as a permeability barrier in the cell?
A.
Cell wall
B.
Cytoplasm
C.
Plasma membrane
D.
Nucleus
Question No. 17
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Besides permeability barrier, what other role does the plasma membrane play in transport?
A.
Energy source for transport
B.
Acts as vehicle for transport
C.
Synthesis of transport proteins
D.
Regulation of organelle function
Question No. 18
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What is defined as 'the substances, except nucleus, surrounded by the plasma lemma'?
A.
Protoplasm
B.
Cell sap
C.
Cytoplasm
D.
Organelle
Question No. 19
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What is described as 'An extensive network of membrane-enclosed spaces'?
A.
Golgi body
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
D.
Vacuole
Question No. 20
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In which cell types is Endoplasmic Reticulum NOT found?
A.
Plant cells
B.
Prokaryotic cells
C.
Animal cells
D.
Fungal cells
Question No. 21
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Which cell type is also mentioned as lacking Endoplasmic Reticulum besides prokaryotic cells?
A.
Meristematic cells
B.
Mature plant cells
C.
RBCs
D.
Parenchyma cells
Question No. 22
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How many categories is ER grouped into?
A.
Four
B.
Three
C.
Two
D.
Single
Question No. 23
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What are the two categories of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
A.
Cis ER and Trans ER
B.
Inner ER and Outer ER
C.
Smooth ER and Rough ER
D.
Primary ER and Secondary ER
Question No. 24
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What is characteristic of Smooth ER in terms of surface appearance?
A.
Rough outer surface
B.
Presence of ribosomes
C.
Both outer and inner are regular and smooth
D.
Irregular inner surface
Question No. 25
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Which type of ER is NOT involved in protein synthesis?
A.
Rough ER
B.
Both Smooth and Rough ER
C.
Smooth ER
D.
Neither Smooth nor Rough ER
Question No. 26
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What does the Smooth ER provide the structural base for synthesis of?
A.
Proteins
B.
Carbohydrates
C.
Lipids
D.
Steroids
Question No. 27
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Name a steroid NOT listed as synthesized with the structural base of Smooth ER from the given options.
A.
Cholesterol
B.
Progesterone
C.
Testosterone
D.
Estrogen
Question No. 28
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What gives Rough ER its rough appearance?
A.
Presence of lipids
B.
Irregular membranes
C.
Attachment of ribosomes
D.
Presence of proteins
Question No. 29
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Which component mainly constitutes the Rough ER?
A.
Vesicles
B.
Tubules
C.
Cisterns
D.
Lamellae
Question No. 30
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In which cells is Rough ER mainly found?
A.
Cells involved in lipid synthesis
B.
Cells not involved in synthesis
C.
Cells actively involved in protein synthesis
D.
All types of cells
Question No. 31
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What is NOT listed as a function of Endoplasmic Reticulum from the given options?
A.
Structural base for protein synthesis
B.
Channel for transport of materials
C.
Synthesis of steroids
D.
Cell wall formation
Question No. 32
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What is the approximate diameter of ribosomes?
A.
20 A
B.
2000 A
C.
200 nm
D.
200 A
Question No. 33
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What are ribosomes composed of?
A.
DNA and proteins
B.
Lipids and carbohydrates
C.
RNA and proteins
D.
DNA and lipids
Question No. 34
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Where are ribosomes synthesized and assembled in the cell?
A.
Cytoplasm
B.
Golgi body
C.
Nucleolus
D.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Question No. 35
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What is the primary function of ribosomes?
A.
Lipid synthesis
B.
Carbohydrate synthesis
C.
Protein synthesis
D.
Steroid synthesis
Question No. 36
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On what basis are ribosomes classified?
A.
Chemical composition
B.
Size
C.
Sedimentation
D.
Function
Question No. 37
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What is the size designation for ribosomes found in plants, according to sedimentation?
A.
70 S
B.
90 S
C.
60 S
D.
80 S
Question No. 38
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Into what subunits do 80 S ribosomes dissociate in plants?
A.
50 S and 30 S subunits
B.
60 S and 20 S subunits
C.
40 S and 40 S subunits
D.
60 S and 40 S subunits
Question No. 39
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What size designation is given for ribosomes found in mitochondria and plastids, according to sedimentation?
A.
80 S
B.
90 S
C.
70 S
D.
60 S
Question No. 40
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What are the subunit sizes of 70 S ribosomes?
A.
60 S and 10 S subunits
B.
40 S and 30 S subunits
C.
50 S and 30 S subunits
D.
50 S and 20 S subunits
Question No. 41
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What is NOT a structural difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A.
Presence of membrane-bound structures
B.
Presence of nucleolus
C.
Type of ribosomes
D.
Presence of cell wall
Question No. 42
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Which type of cell lacks membrane-bound structures?
A.
Eukaryotic cells
B.
Plant cells
C.
Prokaryotic cells
D.
Animal cells
Question No. 43
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Which type of cell has a true nucleus?
A.
Prokaryotic cells
B.
Bacterial cells
C.
Eukaryotic cells
D.
Fungal cells
Question No. 44
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What is absent in the nucleus of prokaryotic cells?
A.
Chromosomes
B.
Nucleoplasm
C.
Nucleolus
D.
Nuclear membrane
Question No. 45
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Which is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
A.
Chromosomes
B.
Nucleoplasm
C.
Nucleolus
D.
Nuclear material
Question No. 46
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Which type of ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells?
A.
Only 70 S ribosomes
B.
Only 80 S ribosomes
C.
Both 70 S and 80 S ribosomes
D.
Neither 70 S nor 80 S ribosomes
Question No. 47
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Which type of ribosomes are ONLY present in prokaryotic cells?
A.
80 S type of ribosomes
B.
Both 70 S and 80 S ribosomes
C.
70 S type of ribosomes
D.
Neither 70 S nor 80 S ribosomes
Question No. 48
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What cytoplasmic structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
A.
Ribosomes
B.
Cytoplasm
C.
Microtubules
D.
Plasma membrane
Question No. 49
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Which is an example of eukaryotic cells?
A.
Bacterial cells
B.
Fungi
C.
Cells of higher plants and animals
D.
All cells
Question No. 50
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Which is an example of prokaryotic cells?
A.
Cells of higher plants and animals
B.
Fungi etc.
C.
Bacterial cells, fungi etc.
D.
Animal cells
Question No. 51
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What is Golgi body also called?
A.
Lysosome
B.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
C.
Endomembrane system
D.
Peroxisome
Question No. 52
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Why is Golgi body also called endomembrane system?
A.
Because it synthesizes membranes
B.
Because it is the end of membrane system
C.
Because it is associated with ER & Lysosomes
D.
Because it is involved in membrane transport
Question No. 53
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What does the Golgi body provide the site of synthesis for?
A.
Steroids
B.
Proteins
C.
Lytic enzymes
D.
Carbohydrates
Question No. 54
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Besides lytic enzyme synthesis, what other function is attributed to Golgi body?
A.
Protein synthesis
B.
Lipid storage
C.
Cell wall formation
D.
Energy production
Question No. 55
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Where are lysosomes produced from?
A.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Golgi complex
D.
Nucleolus
Question No. 56
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What type of enzymes are lysosomes a site of?
A.
Oxidative enzymes
B.
Hydrolytic enzymes
C.
Polymerase enzymes
D.
Ligase enzymes
Question No. 57
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Which specific hydrolytic enzyme is mentioned as being present in lysosomes?
A.
Acid phosphatase
B.
Alkaline phosphatase
C.
Catalase
D.
Peroxidase
Question No. 58
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In which cells are lysosomes common?
A.
Plant cells
B.
Prokaryotic cell
C.
Animal cell
D.
Fungal cell
Question No. 59
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Are lysosomes present in plant cells?
A.
No
B.
Sometimes
C.
Rarely
D.
Yes
Question No. 60
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What is the main function of lysosomes?
A.
Protein synthesis
B.
Energy production
C.
Autolysis
D.
Detoxification
Question No. 61
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What are lysosomes known as due to their autolytic function?
A.
Energy bags
B.
Digestive vesicles
C.
Suicidal bags
D.
Protein factories
Question No. 62
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In which cells do peroxisomes mainly occur?
A.
Animal cells
B.
Prokaryotic cells
C.
Photosynthesizing cells of higher plants
D.
All plant cells
Question No. 63
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What metabolic process are peroxisomes concerned with in C3 plants?
A.
Glyoxylate metabolism
B.
Lipid metabolism
C.
Glycolate metabolism or photorespiration
D.
Protein metabolism
Question No. 64
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Which organelles occur mainly in photosynthesizing cells of higher plants?
A.
Glyoxysomes
B.
Spherosomes
C.
Peroxisome
D.
Lysosomes
Question No. 65
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Where are spherosomes found?
A.
Animal and plant cells
B.
Only animal cells
C.
Only plant cells
D.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Question No. 66
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What type of enzymes are spherosomes a site of?
A.
Oxidative enzymes
B.
Hydrolytic enzymes
C.
Polymerase enzymes
D.
Ligase enzymes
Question No. 67
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What percentage of lipid do spherosomes contain?
A.
50 %
B.
98 %
C.
70 %
D.
80 %
Question No. 68
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What may be the function of spherosomes based on their high lipid content?
A.
Protein storage
B.
Carbohydrate storage
C.
Lipid storage
D.
Water storage
Question No. 69
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What metabolic process are glyoxysomes concerned with?
A.
Glycolate metabolism
B.
Lipid metabolism
C.
Glyoxylate metabolism
D.
Protein metabolism
Question No. 70
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What is the role of glyoxysomes in germinating seeds?
A.
Conversion of proteins to carbohydrates
B.
Storage of lipids
C.
Conversion of lipids of germinating seeds into carbohydrates
D.
Conversion of carbohydrates to lipids
Question No. 71
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Which type of cells have one or more vacuoles of variable size?
A.
Animal cells
B.
Prokaryotic cells
C.
Plant cells
D.
Fungal cells
Question No. 72
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What does the vacuole in plant cells contain?
A.
Cell wall material
B.
Nucleoplasm
C.
Cell sap
D.
Cytoplasm only
Question No. 73
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What percentage of the cytoplasm can be occupied by a large vacuole in plant cells?
A.
50 %
B.
20 %
C.
70 %
D.
90 %
Question No. 74
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What type of membrane surrounds vacuoles in plant cells?
A.
Double membrane
B.
Unit membrane
C.
Triple membrane
D.
No membrane
Question No. 75
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What is the membrane surrounding the vacuole referred to as?
A.
Plasma membrane
B.
Tonoplast
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Vacuole membrane
Question No. 76
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In which cells are centrioles confined to?
A.
Plant cells
B.
Prokaryotic cells
C.
Animal cells
D.
Fungal cells
Question No. 77
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Are centrioles found in plant cells?
A.
Yes
B.
Sometimes
C.
Rarely
D.
No
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