Genetics and Plant Breeding Cell
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Question No. 1
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Which cellular organelle is crucial for energy production through respiration?
A.
Lysosome
B.
Golgi Apparatus
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Question No. 2
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The folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria, which enhance surface area, are known as:
A.
Cilia
B.
Cristae
C.
Villi
D.
Fimbriae
Question No. 3
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Which set of enzyme complexes is vital for the electron transport chain within mitochondria?
A.
Glycolytic, Decarboxylase, Kinase
B.
NADH dehydrogenase, b-c1, Cytochrome oxidase
C.
Amylase, Protease, Lipase
D.
ATP synthase, RNA polymerase, DNA ligase
Question No. 4
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In what compartment of the mitochondrion does the Krebs cycle primarily occur?
A.
Intermembrane Space
B.
Outer Membrane
C.
Cytosol
D.
Matrix
Question No. 5
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Oxysomes, or electron transport particles, on cristae are directly involved in:
A.
Protein synthesis
B.
DNA replication
C.
Electron transport
D.
Lipid metabolism
Question No. 6
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How do mitochondria typically arise in cells?
A.
De novo synthesis
B.
Spontaneous generation
C.
Division and fusion of existing mitochondria
D.
From the endoplasmic reticulum
Question No. 7
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The selective permeability of the mitochondrial matrix is mainly due to:
A.
Cholesterol molecules
B.
Embedded transport proteins
C.
Glycolipids
D.
Peripheral proteins
Question No. 8
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What pigment is fundamental to chloroplast function and gives plants their green color?
A.
Xanthophyll
B.
Carotenoid
C.
Chlorophyll
D.
Phycocyanin
Question No. 9
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The fluid-filled space within the chloroplast membranes is termed:
A.
Cisternae
B.
Stroma
C.
Lumen
D.
Matrix
Question No. 10
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Grana, the stacks within chloroplasts, are composed of:
A.
Vesicles
B.
Thylakoids
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Cristae
Question No. 11
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Quantosomes, the photosynthetic units, are embedded within:
A.
Stroma
B.
Granal matrix
C.
Thylakoid membranes
D.
Outer membrane
Question No. 12
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Which category of plastids is dedicated to storage and lacks pigmentation?
A.
Chromoplasts
B.
Chloroplasts
C.
Leucoplasts
D.
Tonoplasts
Question No. 13
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Plastids that contain pigments other than chlorophyll are categorized as:
A.
Amyloplasts
B.
Chloroplasts
C.
Leucoplasts
D.
Chromoplasts
Question No. 14
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The organelle housing chromosomes and serving as the cell's genetic control center is the:
A.
Mitochondrion
B.
Chloroplast
C.
Nucleus
D.
Ribosome
Question No. 15
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Beyond genetic material, the nucleus plays a role in producing:
A.
Lipids and carbohydrates
B.
ATP and glucose
C.
Ribosomes and various RNA molecules
D.
Proteins and enzymes
Question No. 16
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What is a typical range for the number of mitochondria in an average cell?
A.
10-50
B.
5000-10000
C.
200-800
D.
1-10
Question No. 17
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The enzyme complexes for the electron transport chain are specifically located in the:
A.
Mitochondrial matrix
B.
Outer mitochondrial membrane
C.
Inner mitochondrial membrane
D.
Intermembrane space
Question No. 18
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The space enclosed by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is known as:
A.
Thylakoid lumen
B.
Granum
C.
Stroma
D.
Intermembrane space
Question No. 19
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Mitochondria are distinguished by having how many surrounding membranes?
A.
One
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
None
Question No. 20
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The primary function of the stroma in chloroplasts is to facilitate:
A.
Light-dependent reactions
B.
Carbon fixation and sugar synthesis
C.
Water oxidation
D.
Electron transport chain
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