Genetics and Plant Breeding Cell Division Meiosis
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Question No. 1
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Who first described meiotic cell division?
A.
Waldeyer
B.
Strasburger
C.
Van Beneden
D.
Flemming
Question No. 2
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What is the outcome of meiotic division of one somatic cell?
A.
Two haploid daughter cells
B.
Four diploid daughter cells
C.
Four haploid daughter cells
D.
Two diploid daughter cells
Question No. 3
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How many times do chromosomes replicate during meiosis?
A.
Twice
B.
Once
C.
Three times
D.
Never
Question No. 4
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How many nuclear divisions occur during meiosis?
A.
One
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
Four
Question No. 5
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Where does meiosis typically occur?
A.
Somatic cells
B.
Reproductive cells
C.
All cells
D.
Nerve cells
Question No. 6
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What is the first meiotic division also known as?
A.
Equational division
B.
Multiplication division
C.
Reductional division
D.
Duplication division
Question No. 7
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How many phases does the first prophase of meiosis have?
A.
Three
B.
Four
C.
Five
D.
Two
Question No. 8
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What is the main event during Zygotene?
A.
Crossing over
B.
Synapsis
C.
Chromosome condensation
D.
Chiasmata formation
Question No. 9
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What is a bivalent?
A.
A pair of sister chromatids
B.
A pair of homologous chromosomes
C.
A single chromosome
D.
A group of four chromatids
Question No. 10
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What is a tetrad in the context of meiosis?
A.
A group of two sister chromatids
B.
A group of four homologous chromosomes
C.
A group of four chromatids
D.
A single chromatid
Question No. 11
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What process occurs during Pachytene?
A.
Synapsis
B.
Chiasmata formation
C.
Crossing over
D.
Chromosome condensation
Question No. 12
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What are chiasmata?
A.
Sites of DNA replication
B.
Points of attachment between homologous chromosomes
C.
Regions of chromosome condensation
D.
Spindle fiber attachment points
Question No. 13
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When does diakinesis begin?
A.
After synapsis
B.
Before crossing over
C.
After terminalization of chiasmata
D.
During leptotene
Question No. 14
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Which stage is the longest in duration during meiosis I?
A.
Prophase I
B.
Metaphase I
C.
Anaphase I
D.
Telophase I
Question No. 15
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What is the primary event in Leptotene?
A.
Synapsis of homologous chromosomes
B.
Crossing over between non-sister chromatids
C.
Condensation of chromosomes
D.
Separation of homologous chromosomes
Question No. 16
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What is the significance of crossing over?
A.
It ensures equal distribution of chromosomes
B.
It introduces genetic variation
C.
It maintains the chromosome number
D.
It promotes chromosome condensation
Question No. 17
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In which stage are chiasmata clearly visible?
A.
Leptotene
B.
Zygotene
C.
Diplotene
D.
Diakinesis
Question No. 18
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What happens to the chromosome number during the first meiotic division?
A.
It doubles
B.
It remains the same
C.
It halves
D.
It quadruples
Question No. 19
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What is the role of RNA synthesis in Leptotene?
A.
Chromosome replication
B.
Spindle fiber formation
C.
Chromosome condensation
D.
Protein synthesis for chromosome packaging
Question No. 20
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What is synapsis?
A.
Separation of homologous chromosomes
B.
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
C.
Replication of chromosomes
D.
Condensation of chromosomes
Question No. 21
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What does 'terminalization of chiasmata' refer to?
A.
Formation of chiasmata
B.
Movement of chiasmata towards the ends of chromosomes
C.
Disappearance of chiasmata
D.
Replication of chiasmata
Question No. 22
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Which of the following is NOT a substage of Prophase I?
A.
Leptotene
B.
Zygotene
C.
Pachytene
D.
Metaphase I
Question No. 23
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What is the ploidy of the daughter cells after meiosis I?
A.
Diploid
B.
Haploid
C.
Tetraploid
D.
Triploid
Question No. 24
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What separates during Anaphase I?
A.
Sister chromatids
B.
Homologous chromosomes
C.
Non-sister chromatids
D.
Centromeres
Question No. 25
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
A.
To produce identical daughter cells
B.
To produce genetically diverse daughter cells
C.
To repair damaged DNA
D.
To increase the size of the cell
Question No. 26
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Which enzyme is involved in crossing over?
A.
DNA polymerase
B.
RNA polymerase
C.
Ligase
D.
Recombinase
Question No. 27
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What holds homologous chromosomes together during synapsis?
A.
Centromeres
B.
Chiasmata
C.
Synaptonemal complex
D.
Telomeres
Question No. 28
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How many chromatids are present in a bivalent during Pachytene?
A.
Two
B.
Four
C.
One
D.
Three
Question No. 29
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What is the significance of the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis?
A.
It maintains the chromosome number across generations
B.
It increases genetic diversity
C.
It allows for cell growth
D.
It facilitates DNA replication
Question No. 30
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Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the appearance of 'X' shaped structures (chiasmata)?
A.
Leptotene
B.
Zygotene
C.
Diplotene
D.
Diakinesis
Question No. 31
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During which phase of meiosis does the nuclear envelope break down?
A.
Prophase I
B.
Metaphase I
C.
Anaphase I
D.
Telophase I
Question No. 32
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What is the final stage of Prophase I?
A.
Leptotene
B.
Zygotene
C.
Diplotene
D.
Diakinesis
Question No. 33
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What is the main event of Metaphase I?
A.
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
B.
Alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate
C.
Separation of homologous chromosomes
D.
Crossing over
Question No. 34
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What is the outcome of Telophase I and Cytokinesis?
A.
Two diploid cells
B.
Four haploid cells
C.
Two haploid cells
D.
Four diploid cells
Question No. 35
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What is the ploidy of cells undergoing meiosis?
A.
Haploid
B.
Diploid
C.
Triploid
D.
Tetraploid
Question No. 36
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What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
A.
To produce gametes
B.
To produce somatic cells
C.
To repair damaged cells
D.
To increase cell size
Question No. 37
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Which of these events does NOT occur during meiosis I?
A.
Synapsis
B.
Crossing over
C.
Independent assortment of chromosomes
D.
Separation of sister chromatids
Question No. 38
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What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?
A.
Only crossing over
B.
Only independent assortment
C.
Both crossing over and independent assortment
D.
Neither crossing over nor independent assortment
Question No. 39
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What is the significance of independent assortment of chromosomes?
A.
It ensures that each gamete receives the same set of chromosomes
B.
It increases genetic variation by creating different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes
C.
It prevents mutations during meiosis
D.
It controls the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
Question No. 40
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Which division is more similar to mitosis?
A.
Meiosis I
B.
Meiosis II
C.
Both Meiosis I and Meiosis II
D.
Neither Meiosis I nor Meiosis II
Question No. 41
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What separates during Anaphase II?
A.
Homologous chromosomes
B.
Sister chromatids
C.
Non-sister chromatids
D.
Centromeres
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