Plant Physiology Part 2
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Question No. 1
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Which of the following is NOT a photosynthetic pigment?
A.
Carotenoids
B.
Anthocyanin
C.
Chlorophyll
D.
Xanthophylls
Question No. 2
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The central atom in the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll is:
A.
Iron
B.
Magnesium
C.
Calcium
D.
Potassium
Question No. 3
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Which chlorophyll type is universally present in green plants?
A.
Chlorophyll b
B.
Chlorophyll c
C.
Chlorophyll a
D.
Chlorophyll d
Question No. 4
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Carotene and xanthophylls are collectively known as:
A.
Phycobilins
B.
Carotenoids
C.
Anthocyanins
D.
Chlorophylls
Question No. 5
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Which of the following is a precursor to Vitamin A?
A.
β-carotene
B.
Xanthophyll
C.
Lycopene
D.
Zeaxanthin
Question No. 6
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Which pigment is responsible for the orange-yellow color of carrots?
A.
Xanthophyll
B.
Carotene
C.
Anthocyanin
D.
Chlorophyll
Question No. 7
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Which of the following is NOT a function of carotenoids?
A.
Light absorption
B.
Antioxidant activity
C.
Directly participate in the Calvin cycle
D.
Protecting chlorophyll from damage
Question No. 8
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Anthocyanins are:
A.
Fat-soluble pigments
B.
Water-soluble pigments
C.
Accessory photosynthetic pigments
D.
Found in chloroplasts
Question No. 9
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The source of oxygen released during photosynthesis is:
A.
Carbon dioxide
B.
Water
C.
Glucose
D.
Atmospheric oxygen
Question No. 10
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Photophosphorylation refers to:
A.
The breakdown of water using light energy
B.
The fixation of carbon dioxide
C.
The formation of ATP using light energy
D.
The reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
Question No. 11
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The 'red drop' phenomenon refers to:
A.
A decrease in photosynthetic rate at wavelengths greater than 680 nm
B.
An increase in photosynthetic rate in the red region of the spectrum
C.
The absorption of red light by chlorophyll
D.
The fluorescence emitted by chlorophyll
Question No. 12
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The Emerson effect describes:
A.
The enhancement of photosynthesis when exposed to far-red light alone
B.
The decrease in photosynthesis in the far-red region
C.
The synergistic effect of red and far-red light on photosynthesis
D.
The inhibition of photosynthesis by far-red light
Question No. 13
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The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the:
A.
Stroma
B.
Grana
C.
Cytoplasm
D.
Mitochondria
Question No. 14
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Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
A.
ATP
B.
NADPH
C.
Oxygen
D.
Glucose
Question No. 15
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The dark reactions of photosynthesis are also known as:
A.
Light-independent reactions
B.
Photochemical reactions
C.
Z-scheme
D.
Cyclic photophosphorylation
Question No. 16
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The first stable product of carbon dioxide fixation in C3 plants is:
A.
Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)
B.
Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
C.
Malic acid
D.
Pyruvate
Question No. 17
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Blackman's Law of Limiting Factors states that:
A.
The rate of photosynthesis is limited by the factor that is in shortest supply
B.
Light intensity is always the limiting factor in photosynthesis
C.
Carbon dioxide concentration is always the limiting factor in photosynthesis
D.
Temperature is always the limiting factor in photosynthesis
Question No. 18
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Which of the following is a C4 plant?
A.
Wheat
B.
Rice
C.
Maize
D.
Soybean
Question No. 19
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C4 plants exhibit:
A.
Kranz anatomy
B.
Photorespiration
C.
A lower photosynthetic rate than C3 plants
D.
A less efficient carbon fixation mechanism
Question No. 20
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The enzyme responsible for the initial fixation of CO2 in C4 plants is:
A.
RuBisCO
B.
PEP carboxylase
C.
RuBP carboxylase
D.
Malic dehydrogenase
Question No. 21
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of CAM plants?
A.
Succulent habit
B.
Stomata open at night
C.
CO2 fixation occurs primarily at night
D.
High photosynthetic rates
Question No. 22
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CAM plants show a temporal separation of:
A.
Light and dark reactions
B.
CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle
C.
C3 and C4 pathways
D.
Photosystem I and Photosystem II
Question No. 23
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Which of the following plants is an example of a CAM plant?
A.
Onion
B.
Garlic
C.
Pineapple
D.
Wheat
Question No. 24
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Which of the following is the primary CO2 acceptor in C3 plants?
A.
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
B.
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP)
C.
Oxaloacetate (OAA)
D.
Malic acid
Question No. 25
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What is the first stable compound formed during carbon fixation in C4 plants?
A.
3-PGA
B.
Oxaloacetate (OAA)
C.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
D.
RuBP
Question No. 26
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Which plant type exhibits Kranz anatomy?
A.
C3
B.
C4
C.
CAM
D.
All of the above
Question No. 27
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In which plant type does the Calvin cycle occur in mesophyll cells only?
A.
C3
B.
C4
C.
CAM
D.
Both C3 and C4
Question No. 28
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What is the compensation point for CO2 concentration in C3 plants, approximately?
A.
1-5 ppm
B.
50 ppm
C.
100 ppm
D.
200 ppm
Question No. 29
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Which plant type has the highest water use efficiency?
A.
C3
B.
C4
C.
CAM
D.
All are equal
Question No. 30
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Photorespiration is a characteristic feature of which plant type?
A.
C3
B.
C4
C.
CAM
D.
All of the above
Question No. 31
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Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
A.
Pyruvic acid
B.
ATP
C.
NADH
D.
FADH2
Question No. 32
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Where does the Krebs cycle take place in a plant cell?
A.
Cytoplasm
B.
Chloroplast
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Nucleus
Question No. 33
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What is the net ATP production from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
A.
2
B.
36
C.
38
D.
34
Question No. 34
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Which of the following has the highest respiratory quotient (RQ)?
A.
Fat
B.
Protein
C.
Carbohydrates
D.
Organic acids
Question No. 35
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Which enzyme is responsible for the initial carbon fixation in C4 plants?
A.
RuBisCO
B.
PEP carboxylase
C.
Malic enzyme
D.
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Question No. 36
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Which of these processes is considered an energy-consuming process?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Photorespiration
C.
Krebs cycle
D.
Electron transport system
Question No. 37
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Which of the following best describes the CO2 concentration in bundle sheath cells of C4 plants?
A.
Low
B.
High
C.
Equal to atmospheric
D.
Variable
Question No. 38
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What is the role of malic acid in C4 plants?
A.
Initial CO2 acceptor
B.
Intermediate CO2 carrier
C.
Final product of carbon fixation
D.
Enzyme involved in CO2 release
Question No. 39
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Which of the following is NOT involved in photorespiration?
A.
Chloroplast
B.
Peroxisome
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Golgi apparatus
Question No. 40
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What is the primary function of the electron transport system (ETS) in respiration?
A.
ATP synthesis
B.
Glucose breakdown
C.
CO2 production
D.
Pyruvate oxidation
Question No. 41
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Which of the following is the link molecule between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
A.
Pyruvic acid
B.
Acetyl CoA
C.
Citric acid
D.
Oxaloacetate
Question No. 42
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Which of the following best describes the transpiration rate in CAM plants?
A.
High
B.
Low
C.
Medium
D.
Variable
Question No. 43
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What is photoperiodism?
A.
The growth of plants towards light
B.
The movement of plants in response to touch
C.
The response of plants to day length, especially flowering
D.
The shedding of leaves in autumn
Question No. 44
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Who coined the term 'photoperiodism'?
A.
Darwin and Hooker
B.
Garner and Allard
C.
Sachs and Calvin
D.
Priestley and Ingenhousz
Question No. 45
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Which of the following best describes short-day plants?
A.
They require long periods of light to flower
B.
They flower when the day length is less than a critical period
C.
They are unaffected by day length
D.
They flower only in short days
Question No. 46
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Which of the following is an example of a short-day plant?
A.
Wheat
B.
Soybean
C.
Sugar beet
D.
Castor
Question No. 47
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Long-day plants typically require how many hours of daylight for flower initiation?
A.
Less than 10 hours
B.
More than 14 hours
C.
Around 12 hours
D.
Any amount of light
Question No. 48
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Which of the following is an example of a long-day plant?
A.
Rice
B.
Tobacco
C.
Wheat
D.
Maize
Question No. 49
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Which type of plant is unaffected by day length for flowering?
A.
Short-day plants
B.
Long-day plants
C.
Day-neutral plants
D.
All plants
Question No. 50
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Which of the following is an example of a day-neutral plant?
A.
Soybean
B.
Wheat
C.
Tomato
D.
Rice
Question No. 51
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Kharif crops are generally classified as which type of plant based on photoperiodism?
A.
Short-day plants
B.
Long-day plants
C.
Day-neutral plants
D.
None of the above
Question No. 52
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Rabi crops are generally classified as which type of plant based on photoperiodism?
A.
Short-day plants
B.
Long-day plants
C.
Day-neutral plants
D.
None of the above
Question No. 53
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Which of the following plants can flower under a wide range of day lengths?
A.
Short-day plants only
B.
Long-day plants only
C.
Day-neutral plants only
D.
Both short-day and long-day plants
Question No. 54
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The flowering response in photoperiodism is primarily related to what?
A.
Temperature
B.
Light intensity
C.
Day length
D.
Water availability
Question No. 55
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Which of these crops is NOT typically influenced by photoperiod?
A.
Rice
B.
Sunflower
C.
Barley
D.
Tobacco
Question No. 56
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If a plant requires a dark period longer than a critical length to flower, it is likely a:
A.
Short-day plant
B.
Long-day plant
C.
Day-neutral plant
D.
Intermediate-day plant
Question No. 57
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If a plant flowers regardless of day length, it is classified as a:
A.
Short-day plant
B.
Long-day plant
C.
Day-neutral plant
D.
Hemi-photoperiodic plant
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