SEED STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
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Question No. 1
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Seeds are classified based on the number of cotyledons. What are the two main categories?
A.
Endospermic and exalbuminous
B.
Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous
C.
Albuminous and non-albuminous
D.
Epigeal and hypogeal
Question No. 2
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Which of the following is an example of a non-endospermic dicotyledonous seed?
A.
Fenugreek
B.
Chickpea
C.
Castorbean
D.
Nutmeg
Question No. 3
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What is the outer hard layer of the seed coat called?
A.
Tegmen
B.
Hilum
C.
Testa
D.
Micropyle
Question No. 4
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The scar marking the point of attachment of seed to the stalk is known as:
A.
Raphe
B.
Strophiole
C.
Hilum
D.
Micropyle
Question No. 5
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In leguminous seeds, what structure controls water entry after absolute impermeability is reached?
A.
Aril
B.
Micropyle
C.
Strophiole
D.
Raphe
Question No. 6
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What percentage of seed mass do cotyledons account for in non-endospermic seeds like pea?
A.
Over 90%
B.
Around 50%
C.
Less than 10%
D.
About 75%
Question No. 7
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Which part of the embryonic axis develops into the shoot system?
A.
Radicle
B.
Hypocotyl
C.
Plumule
D.
Scutellum
Question No. 8
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In Poaceae seeds, what is the one-seeded fruit called?
A.
Samara
B.
Caryopsis
C.
Achene
D.
Drupe
Question No. 9
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Which layer of endosperm in grass seeds secretes digestive enzymes?
A.
Epithelium
B.
Aleurone layer
C.
Scutellum
D.
Pericarp
Question No. 10
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What is the shield-shaped cotyledon in monocot seeds called?
A.
Coleoptile
B.
Scutellum
C.
Coleorrhiza
D.
Epithelium
Question No. 11
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Which structure protects the plumule in grass seeds?
A.
Coleorrhiza
B.
Root cap
C.
Coleoptile
D.
Tegmen
Question No. 12
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The ridge formed by the funicle along the seed margin is called:
A.
Hilum
B.
Raphe
C.
Strophiole
D.
Micropyle
Question No. 13
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In which type of seeds does the nucellus develop into perisperm for food storage?
A.
Coffee
B.
Pea
C.
Bean
D.
Chickpea
Question No. 14
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What happens to cotyledons in epigeal non-endospermic species after germination?
A.
They remain underground
B.
They become photosynthetic
C.
They disappear completely
D.
They form the root system
Question No. 15
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Which of the following seeds typically has an aril?
A.
Pea
B.
Bean
C.
Nutmeg
D.
Chickpea
Question No. 16
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The small hole at one end of the hilum is called:
A.
Strophiole
B.
Raphe
C.
Micropyle
D.
Aril
Question No. 17
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In endospermic dicot seeds, what is the primary function of cotyledons?
A.
Food storage
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Haustorial absorption
D.
Protection
Question No. 18
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What separates the embryo from the endosperm in grass seeds?
A.
Aleurone layer
B.
Epithelium
C.
Scutellum
D.
Pericarp
Question No. 19
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Which enzyme is primarily secreted by the aleurone layer?
A.
Lipase
B.
Alpha-amylase
C.
Catalase
D.
Invertase
Question No. 20
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The protective sheath around the radicle in grass seeds is called:
A.
Coleoptile
B.
Coleorrhiza
C.
Root cap
D.
Scutellum
Question No. 21
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Most monocotyledonous seeds are:
A.
Exalbuminous
B.
Non-endospermic
C.
Albuminous
D.
Without cotyledons
Question No. 22
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The inner membranous layer of the seed coat is called:
A.
Testa
B.
Tegmen
C.
Hilum
D.
Raphe
Question No. 23
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What tissue becomes the main food storage in caryopsis?
A.
Cotyledons
B.
Perisperm
C.
Endosperm
D.
Scutellum
Question No. 24
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Fenugreek is an example of which type of seed?
A.
Non-endospermic monocot
B.
Endospermic dicot
C.
Non-endospermic dicot
D.
Endospermic monocot
Question No. 25
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The embryonic root in a seed is called:
A.
Plumule
B.
Hypocotyl
C.
Radicle
D.
Scutellum
Question No. 26
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In yucca seeds, food reserves are stored in:
A.
Endosperm
B.
Cotyledons
C.
Perisperm
D.
Aleurone layer
Question No. 27
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What makes the aleurone layer different from other endosperm cells?
A.
It contains starch
B.
It has thick walls
C.
It consists of living cells
D.
It lacks proteins
Question No. 28
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The part of embryonic axis to which cotyledons are attached is:
A.
Radicle
B.
Hypocotyl
C.
Plumule
D.
Epicotyl
Question No. 29
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Castorbean is an example of:
A.
Exalbuminous dicot
B.
Albuminous monocot
C.
Albuminous dicot
D.
Exalbuminous monocot
Question No. 30
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The seed coat consists of how many layers?
A.
One
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
Four
Question No. 31
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Which structure initially synthesizes alpha-amylase in grass seeds?
A.
Aleurone layer
B.
Scutellum
C.
Epithelium
D.
Endosperm
Question No. 32
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Bean seeds are classified as:
A.
Endospermic dicot
B.
Non-endospermic monocot
C.
Non-endospermic dicot
D.
Endospermic monocot
Question No. 33
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What is the main function of arils in seeds?
A.
Water absorption
B.
Protection
C.
Attracting dispersal agents
D.
Food storage
Question No. 34
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The pericarp in caryopsis is formed by fusion of:
A.
Seed coat and endosperm
B.
Seed coat and fruit wall
C.
Endosperm and embryo
D.
Cotyledons and testa
Question No. 35
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Proteolytic enzymes secreted by aleurone layer function to:
A.
Break down starch
B.
Digest proteins
C.
Synthesize lipids
D.
Absorb water
Question No. 36
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The groove where embryo lies in grass seeds is located:
A.
In the center
B.
At one end of endosperm
C.
Throughout the seed
D.
In the aleurone layer
Question No. 37
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Which part of the seed is of considerable importance as a protective barrier?
A.
Embryo
B.
Endosperm
C.
Seed coat
D.
Cotyledons
Question No. 38
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In coffee seeds, the food storage tissue is:
A.
Endosperm
B.
Cotyledons
C.
Perisperm
D.
Scutellum
Question No. 39
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Galactomannan reserves are absent in which part of grass seeds?
A.
Endosperm
B.
Aleurone layer
C.
Scutellum
D.
Epithelium
Question No. 40
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The protective importance of seed coat is primarily due to its role as:
A.
Nutrient provider
B.
Water reservoir
C.
Environmental barrier
D.
Growth regulator
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