Crop Ecology – PenExam

Question No. 1 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The term 'Ecology' is derived from which Greek word, meaning 'home'?

A. Oikos
B. Bios
C. Geo
D. Agros

Question No. 2 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the definition of microclimate from an agricultural perspective?

A. The global weather patterns affecting crops.
B. A local climatic condition differing from surrounding areas due to relief, exposure, or cover.
C. The climate inside a greenhouse.
D. The average climate of a large agricultural region.

Question No. 3 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following factors does NOT primarily influence microclimate at the plant level?

A. Plant height
B. Soil color
C. Wind velocity at high altitudes
D. Leaf shape and size

Question No. 4 Marks +1 -0 Time

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How does vegetation cover typically affect the microclimate near the soil surface?

A. It increases extreme temperature variations and reduces humidity.
B. It reduces extreme temperature variations and increases humidity.
C. It has no significant effect on temperature or humidity.
D. It increases air movement and direct sunlight penetration.

Question No. 5 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is 'Albedo' in the context of soil microclimate?

A. The amount of water absorbed by the soil.
B. The percentage of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by the soil surface.
C. The rate of heat transfer within the soil.
D. The soil's capacity to retain moisture.

Question No. 6 Marks +1 -0 Time

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How does wet soil compare to dry soil in terms of absorbing incoming radiation and heating up?

A. Wet soil reflects more radiation and heats up faster.
B. Wet soil absorbs less radiation and heats up slower.
C. Wet soil absorbs more radiation and heats up slower.
D. Wet soil absorbs more radiation and heats up faster.

Question No. 7 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Why does moist soil take a longer time to heat up or cool down compared to dry soil?

A. Because it has a lower specific gravity than dry soil.
B. Because most absorbed energy is used for evaporation of soil water.
C. Because it reflects more incoming radiation.
D. Because it has higher thermal conductivity.

Question No. 8 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor for the effectiveness of photosynthesis?

A. A large and efficient assimilating area.
B. An adequate supply of solar energy.
C. A high rate of transpiration.
D. Favorable environmental conditions.

Question No. 9 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is another term used for Harvest Index (H.I.)?

A. Coefficient of Growth
B. Coefficient of Effectiveness
C. Yield Efficiency Ratio
D. Photosynthetic Quotient

Question No. 10 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the Harvest Index formula, what does 'Sink' represent?

A. The part of the plant where photosynthesis occurs.
B. The total biomass produced by the plant.
C. The economic yield, such as grain.
D. The amount of solar energy absorbed.

Question No. 11 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which component is NOT part of the grain yield formula Y = abcd?

A. Number of plants per unit area (a)
B. Number of fertile tillers per plant (b)
C. Weight of individual grain (d)
D. Total biomass per plant (c)

Question No. 12 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What percentage of the dry matter of the grain does the ear contribute in wheat?

A. Approximately 20%
B. Approximately 50%
C. Approximately 70%
D. Approximately 90%

Question No. 13 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is defined as the 'Source' in the context of plant physiology?

A. Where photosynthates accumulate.
B. The part of the plant where photosynthesis occurs, generally leaves.
C. The roots where water is absorbed.
D. The flower where reproduction takes place.

Question No. 14 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is defined as the 'Sink' in the context of plant physiology?

A. The primary site of water absorption.
B. The location where photosynthates accumulate, such as grain.
C. The area where carbon dioxide is fixed.
D. The part of the plant that produces flowers.

Question No. 15 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is crucial for achieving a higher Harvest Index (HI) regarding the sink-source relationship?

A. Only a good source is sufficient.
B. Poor partitioning of photosynthates.
C. Accumulation of photosynthates as sink.
D. Reduced translocation of assimilates.

Question No. 16 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Who introduced the concept of 'Ideotype' in 1968?

A. Army and Greiver
B. Donald
C. Pande and Suxena
D. Donald & Hamblin

Question No. 17 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the definition of an 'Ideotype'?

A. A plant that grows wild without human intervention.
B. A biological model expected to perform predictably within a defined environment.
C. A plant that requires minimal sunlight.
D. A plant exclusively grown for its aesthetic value.

Question No. 18 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Donald and Hamblin (1976) identified two forms of ideotypes based on environment. What are they?

A. Tall and dwarf ideotypes.
B. Isolation and competition ideotypes.
C. Early and late maturing ideotypes.
D. Photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic ideotypes.

Question No. 19 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which feature is characteristic of the ideotype for wheat, according to Donald (1968)?

A. Long, weak stem to maximize light absorption.
B. Large, spreading leaves to increase canopy size.
C. A large, erect ear.
D. Absence of awns to reduce water loss.

Question No. 20 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Why should a wheat ideotype have a short, strong stem?

A. To increase the number of tillers.
B. To avoid lodging (falling over).
C. To reduce water uptake.
D. To enhance root growth.

Question No. 21 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which feature is typical for the maize ideotype?

A. Creeping stems along the ground.
B. Erect upper leaves and gradually horizontal lower leaves.
C. Small, compact ears near the base of the plant.
D. A single cob per plant.

Question No. 22 Marks +1 -0 Time

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According to Pande and Suxena (1973), what is a desired feature for gram ideotypes?

A. Spreading and umbrella-like canopy.
B. Delayed reproductive stage.
C. Erect branching.
D. Fewer pods per leaf axis.

Question No. 23 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is a major problem identified with existing Arhar varieties?

A. Excessively fast initial growth.
B. Lack of root nodules.
C. Flower drop.
D. Too many branches in the first two months.

Question No. 24 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a desired feature for rainfed upland rice ideotype?

A. Long growth duration (over 120 days).
B. Shallow root system.
C. Dwarf plant (less than 100cm) with erect leaves.
D. Low number of panicles per square meter.

Question No. 25 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which characteristic is NOT typical of 'Asana' as described for crop ideotypes?

A. Large number of spikelets
B. Short growth duration
C. Flat leaves parallel to soil
D. Strong and deep root system

Question No. 26 Marks +1 -0 Time

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For dryland farming, what is the recommended disposition of leaves to minimize water use and maximize light interception?

A. Curled inwards
B. Horizontally disposed
C. Vertically disposed
D. Narrow and pointed

Question No. 27 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In which year was Agro-Climatic Regional Planning initiated in India by the Planning Commission?

A. 1975
B. 2000
C. 1991
D. 1988

Question No. 28 Marks +1 -0 Time

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According to FAO (1983), what defines an agro-climatic zone?

A. A region with uniform soil types
B. An area with consistent rainfall patterns throughout the year
C. A land unit suitable for a specific range of crops and cultivars based on major climates
D. A zone primarily determined by political boundaries

Question No. 29 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Initially, how many agro-climatic zones was India divided into based on water surplus and water deficit?

A. 7
B. 15
C. 11
D. 21

Question No. 30 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What additional criterion was used when India was later divided into 15 agro-climatic zones?

A. Industrial development
B. Forest cover
C. Cropping system
D. Population density

Question No. 31 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is considered an abiotic factor in ecological zones?

A. Flora
B. Fauna
C. Vegetation
D. Minerals

Question No. 32 Marks +1 -0 Time

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How many agro-ecological zones is India currently divided into?

A. 18
B. 15
C. 21
D. 11

Question No. 33 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT listed as a major crop in the Western Himalayan Region?

A. Maize
B. Wheat
C. Jute
D. Paddy

Question No. 34 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is a significant negative point mentioned for the Lower Gangetic Plain regarding agricultural development?

A. Strong marketing and processing infrastructure
B. High use of HYV seeds
C. Excellent drainage system
D. Lack of good water management

Question No. 35 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which agro-climatic zone has the highest cropping intensity and maximum use of groundwater?

A. Eastern Plateau & Hills
B. Lower Gangetic Plain
C. Western Dry Region
D. Transgangetic Plains

Question No. 36 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What percentage of the total agricultural land is held by small and marginal farmers in the Eastern Plateau & Hills region?

A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 25%

Question No. 37 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which agro-climatic zone is famous for oilseed crops?

A. Southern Plateau & Hills
B. Western Plateau & Hills
C. Gujarat Plains & Hills
D. East Coast Plains

Question No. 38 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary planning focus for the Western Dry Region, characterized by a hot sandy desert?

A. Establishing large-scale industrial units
B. Promoting shifting cultivation
C. Indira Gandhi Canal and Drought Development Programme
D. Intensifying irrigation through traditional wells

Question No. 39 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the predominant cultivation in the Island Regions, covering 50% of the total cropped area?

A. Jute
B. Rice
C. Spices
D. Coconut

Question No. 40 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The Western Himalaya I agro-ecological zone is characterized by a temperature consistently below which degree Celsius?

A. 20°C
B. 0°C
C. 15°C
D. 8°C

Question No. 41 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which agro-ecological zone is described as 'Warm subhumid with brown forest & podzolic soils' and has a growing period of 150-210 days?

A. Eastern Plateau & Hills
B. Western Plains
C. Western Himalaya I
D. Western Himalaya II

Question No. 42 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is a key suggestion for the development of the Western Plateau & Hills zone?

A. Expansion of forest area
B. Intensive rice cultivation
C. Management of minor irrigation
D. Promotion of fishing industry

Question No. 43 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which region is characterized by 81% dryland farming and a cropping intensity of 111%?

A. Western Dry Region
B. East Coast Plains
C. Central Plateau and Hills
D. Southern Plateau & Hills

Question No. 44 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is a major challenge identified for the Eastern Himalayan Region's agricultural development?

A. High literacy rate among farmers
B. Lack of communication facilities
C. Excessive use of fertilizers
D. Prevalence of shifting cultivation

Question No. 45 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which region is characterized by a hot arid climate, rainfall between 400-500 mm, and a growing period of less than 90 days?

A. North Plain and Central Highland
B. Deccan Plateau I
C. Central Highland (Malwa & Bundelkhand)
D. Eastern Coastal Plain

Question No. 46 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the predominant soil type found in the Central (Malwa) Highland and Kathiawada Peninsula region?

A. Red and black soil
B. Brownhill soils
C. Medium deep black soil
D. Alluvial derived soil

Question No. 47 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following regions accounts for approximately 10% of the total geographical area?

A. Deccan Plateau I
B. Central Highland (Malwa & Bundelkhand)
C. North Plain and Central Highland
D. Eastern Coastal Plain

Question No. 48 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The districts of Raipur, Sagar, Bhopal, Sehore, Shajapur, and Hoshangabad are associated with which agro-climatic region?

A. Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghat
B. Eastern Coastal Plain
C. Central Highland (Malwa & Bundelkhand)
D. North Plain and Central Highland

Question No. 49 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following regions is classified as 'Warm humid'?

A. Deccan Plateau II
B. North Eastern Hills (Purwanchal)
C. Deccan Plateau I
D. Central (Malwa) Highland and Kathiawada Peninsula

Question No. 50 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the region with 300mm rainfall and a growing period of less than 90 days, what is the reported PET deficit?

A. 20% less
B. 1200-1600mm
C. 500-700mm
D. 400-700mm

Question No. 51 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the typical rainfall range for the Eastern Plains region?

A. 400-500mm
B. 1400-1600mm
C. 600-1000mm
D. 1000-1200mm

Question No. 52 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following regions has a growing period of more than 270 days?

A. Eastern Coastal Plain
B. Eastern Plains
C. Assam & Bengal Plains
D. Central Highland (Malwa & Bundelkhand)

Question No. 53 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghat region is characterized by which climate type and soil combination?

A. Hot semi-arid with Red and black soil
B. Hot semiarid with red loamy soil
C. Warm humid with brownhill soils
D. Hot subhumid with alluvial soil

Question No. 54 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What percentage of the total geographical area does the Eastern Coastal Plain cover?

A. 1.4%
B. 10%
C. 2.5%
D. 5.6%

Question No. 55 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following regions is characterized by red and black soils?

A. Eastern Coastal Plain
B. North Plain and Central Highland
C. Deccan Plateau and Central Highland (Bundelkhand)
D. Central (Malwa) Highland and Kathiawada Peninsula

Question No. 56 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the Eastern Himalaya region, what is stated regarding its Potential Evapotranspiration (PET)?

A. 1400-1800mm
B. 1000-1400mm
C. less than precipitation
D. 1600-2000mm

Question No. 57 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of these regions is primarily characterized by alluvial soil?

A. Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghat
B. Eastern Ghat (TN upland) and Deccan Plateau
C. North Eastern Hills (Purwanchal)
D. Northern Plains

Question No. 58 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which region has a rainfall of 1400-1600mm and a growing period of 180-210 days?

A. North Plain and Central Highland
B. Eastern Plains
C. Eastern Coastal Plain
D. Deccan Plateau I

Question No. 59 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The Eastern Plateau (Chhatisgarh Region) includes parts of which states/districts?

A. Chhatisgarh state, Palamu of Jharkhand and Kaimur of Bihar
B. West Maharashtra, North Karnataka, A.P.
C. South of Deccan plateau, T.N. upland, West Karnataka
D. Chhotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand, West of W.B., Eastern Ghat of Orissa

Question No. 60 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following regions is classified as 'Hot subhumid'?

A. Deccan Plateau II
B. Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghat
C. Eastern Plateau (Chhatisgarh Region)
D. Central (Malwa) Highland and Kathiawada Peninsula

Question No. 61 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghat region, what is mentioned about its PET?

A. Deficit 500-700mm
B. reduction 40%
C. Deficit 400-700 mm
D. PET less than precipitation

Question No. 62 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which region experiences a dryspell of 100-150mm in the post monsoon period?

A. Deccan Plateau I
B. North Eastern Hills (Purwanchal)
C. Eastern Coastal Plain
D. North Plain and Central Highland

Question No. 63 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The region described as Hot semi arid with red loamy soil, located south of Deccan plateau, T.N. upland, and West Karnataka, is:

A. Deccan Plateau II
B. Eastern Ghat (TN upland) and Deccan Plateau
C. Deccan Plateau I
D. Central Highland (Malwa & Bundelkhand)

Question No. 64 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which region generally experiences the highest annual rainfall?

A. North Plain and Central Highland
B. Eastern Himalaya
C. Deccan Plateau I
D. Eastern Coastal Plain

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