Consider the following statements regarding green manuring:

1. Leguminous crops are preferred for green manuring due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
2. Green manure crops are incorporated into the soil when they are mature and have already produced seeds.
3. Green manuring improves soil structure, water holding capacity, and microbial activity.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Match the following bio-fertilizers with their primary mode of action:

List I (Bio-fertilizer)	List II (Mode of Action)
1. Rhizobium	(a) Solubilizes insoluble inorganic phosphates
2. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB)	(b) Fixes atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically in root nodules
3. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)	(c) Fixes atmospheric nitrogen non-symbiotically in the rhizosphere
4. Azotobacter	(d) Enhances nutrient (especially P) uptake by extending root absorption area

Select the correct match from the options below:

Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of applying well-decomposed organic manures to agricultural soils?

Arrange the following steps in the typical process of preparing compost in a pit method in chronological order:

1. Covering the pit with a layer of soil or thatch.
2. Collecting and layering organic waste materials (e.g., crop residues, animal dung).
3. Moistening the layers and adding a starter culture (e.g., old compost, cow dung slurry).
4. Turning the compost pile periodically for aeration.

Select the correct sequence:

Consider the following pairs of bio-fertilizer and its primary application/host:

1. Azospirillum : Non-leguminous cereals (e.g., maize, rice)
2. Azotobacter : Leguminous crops (e.g., pulses, groundnut)
3. Blue-Green Algae (BGA) : Paddy fields
4. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) : Most agricultural crops (except Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae)

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

The process by which Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) make insoluble soil phosphates available to plants primarily involves the secretion of:

Which of the following bio-fertilizers is a water fern that hosts a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, making it highly effective for rice cultivation?

Why are bio-fertilizers generally considered more environmentally sustainable compared to synthetic chemical fertilizers?

Match the following organic manure types with their characteristic properties:

List I (Manure Type)	List II (Characteristic Property)
1. Farmyard Manure (FYM)	(a) Produced by earthworms, rich in humus and plant growth regulators
2. Vermicompost	(b) Rapidly decomposes, high in nitrogen, often used as top dressing
3. Green Manure	(c) Decomposed mixture of animal dung, urine, and bedding material
4. Oil Cakes	(d) Crop grown and ploughed into the soil to improve fertility

Select the correct match from the options below:

Vermicompost is particularly rich in plant growth regulators like auxins and gibberellins. These compounds are primarily produced by:

The primary mechanism by which green manure crops enhance soil fertility is by:

Which of the following statements regarding the application of bio-fertilizers is INCORRECT?

Which of the following oil cakes is particularly known for its insecticidal and nematicidal properties, making it beneficial in integrated pest management?

What is the correct sequence of steps for applying bio-fertilizers as a seed treatment?

Applying fresh, undecomposed farmyard manure directly to young crops can be detrimental because:

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) primarily enhance plant uptake of which key nutrient, often limiting in many soils, by extending the root's absorptive surface area?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the fundamental difference between aerobic composting and anaerobic decomposition?

Consider the following statements about Blue-Green Algae (BGA) as a bio-fertilizer:

1. BGA are photosynthetic and can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
2. They are particularly effective in waterlogged conditions like paddy fields.
3. BGA inoculation can significantly increase the pH of acidic soils.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A common and reliable indicator of well-matured compost is its:

The method of bio-fertilizer application where roots of seedlings (e.g., rice, vegetable crops) are dipped in a slurry of bio-fertilizer inoculum before transplanting is known as:

Which of the following organic manures has the highest potential to cause nitrogen immobilization if applied fresh and undecomposed due to its very high C:N ratio?

Match the following bio-fertilizers with the type of plant association they primarily form:

List I (Bio-fertilizer)	List II (Plant Association)
1. Rhizobium	(a) Free-living, non-symbiotic
2. Azospirillum	(b) Symbiotic association with leguminous plants
3. Azotobacter	(c) Associative symbiotic with cereal and grass roots
4. Mycorrhiza	(d) Symbiotic association with plant roots (fungi)

Select the correct match from the options below:

Which of the following is a key advantage of using vermicompost over traditional farmyard manure (FYM)?

The application of bio-fertilizers is particularly recommended for enhancing the growth of crops in nutrient-deficient soils. Which of the following bio-fertilizer types would be most effective in improving phosphorus uptake in a soil with low available phosphorus?