Sex Determination & Sex-linked Inheritance
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Question No. 1
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Which of the following describes the sex determination system in humans, where males are
heterogametic
and females are
homogametic
?
A.
ZW system
B.
XO system
C.
XY system
D.
Haplodiploidy system
Question No. 2
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The
SRY gene
, located on the Y chromosome, is crucial for:
A.
Ovary development
B.
Testis development
C.
Formation of Barr bodies
D.
X-inactivation
Question No. 3
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A
Barr body
is an inactivated X chromosome found in the somatic cells of which individuals?
A.
Males (XY)
B.
Females (XX)
C.
Individuals with Turner syndrome (XO)
D.
Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
Question No. 4
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Which of the following is an example of an
X-linked recessive
disorder?
A.
Huntington's disease
B.
Cystic fibrosis
C.
Hemophilia A
D.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Question No. 5
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In
Drosophila melanogaster
(fruit flies), sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes. This is an example of:
A.
XY system
B.
ZW system
C.
Genic balance system
D.
Environmental sex determination
Question No. 6
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If a male with an
X-linked recessive disorder
(e.g., color blindness) marries a homozygous dominant female (normal vision), what is the probability that their sons will inherit the disorder?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
100%
Question No. 7
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Which type of inheritance pattern is characterized by the trait being passed from father to all his sons, but never to his daughters?
A.
X-linked dominant
B.
X-linked recessive
C.
Autosomal recessive
D.
Y-linked (Holandric)
Question No. 8
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In birds, the sex chromosomes are designated Z and W. Which of the following genotypes represents a female bird?
A.
ZZ
B.
ZW
C.
XX
D.
XY
Question No. 9
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The phenomenon of
dosage compensation
in mammals ensures that:
A.
Males express more X-linked genes than females.
B.
Females express twice as many X-linked genes as males.
C.
Males and females express approximately equal amounts of X-linked gene products.
D.
Y-linked genes are expressed equally in both sexes.
Question No. 10
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A woman is a carrier for an
X-linked recessive
disorder. She marries a man who does not have the disorder. What is the probability that their daughter will be a carrier?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
100%
Question No. 11
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Which of the following conditions is an example of aneuploidy of sex chromosomes?
A.
Down syndrome
B.
Turner syndrome
C.
Sickle cell anemia
D.
Cystic fibrosis
Question No. 12
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In some species of reptiles, such as crocodiles and turtles, the sex of offspring is determined by the incubation temperature of the eggs. This is known as:
A.
Chromosomal sex determination
B.
Genic sex determination
C.
Haplodiploidy
D.
Environmental sex determination
Question No. 13
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A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation, affects males and females equally, and affected fathers can pass it to all their daughters but not to their sons. This pattern suggests:
A.
Autosomal dominant inheritance
B.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
C.
X-linked dominant inheritance
D.
X-linked recessive inheritance
Question No. 14
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Which of the following statements about
Y-linked genes
is TRUE?
A.
They are found only in females.
B.
They are always expressed in heterozygous individuals.
C.
They are passed from father to all sons.
D.
They undergo dosage compensation.
Question No. 15
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If a mother is a carrier for an
X-linked recessive
trait and the father is unaffected, what is the probability that their son will express the trait?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
100%
Question No. 16
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The term
'karyotype'
refers to:
A.
The genetic makeup of an individual.
B.
The observable physical characteristics of an individual.
C.
A complete set of chromosomes in a cell, arranged by size and shape.
D.
The process of gene expression.
Question No. 17
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
X-linked recessive
inheritance?
A.
Affected fathers cannot pass the trait to their sons.
B.
Affected mothers pass the trait to all their sons.
C.
Males are more frequently affected than females.
D.
Affected individuals always have affected parents.
Question No. 18
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In the haplodiploidy system of sex determination, commonly found in bees, ants, and wasps:
A.
Males are diploid and females are haploid.
B.
Males are haploid and females are diploid.
C.
Sex is determined by temperature.
D.
Sex is determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome.
Question No. 19
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The gene responsible for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is located on the X chromosome. This means DMD is an example of:
A.
Autosomal dominant inheritance
B.
Autosomal recessive inheritance
C.
X-linked dominant inheritance
D.
X-linked recessive inheritance
Question No. 20
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Match the following terms related to sex determination and inheritance:
Term
Description
1. Klinefelter Syndrome
a. XO genotype
2. Barr Body
b. XXY genotype
3. Turner Syndrome
c. Inactivated X chromosome
Choose the correct combination:
A.
1-a, 2-b, 3-c
B.
1-b, 2-c, 3-a
C.
1-c, 2-a, 3-b
D.
1-b, 2-a, 3-c
Question No. 21
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Which sex chromosome is generally smaller and carries fewer genes?
A.
X chromosome
B.
Y chromosome
C.
Autosomes
D.
Both X and Y are similar in size and gene content.
Question No. 22
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A woman has normal vision, but her father was colorblind. She marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?
A.
0%
B.
25%
C.
50%
D.
100%
Question No. 23
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In humans, the presence of which specific chromosome leads to the development of male characteristics, primarily through the action of the SRY gene?
A.
X chromosome
B.
Y chromosome
C.
Chromosome 21
D.
Chromosome 1
Question No. 24
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Which of the following is true regarding
X-linked dominant
inheritance?
A.
Affected males pass the trait to all their sons.
B.
Affected females are always homozygous dominant.
C.
Affected fathers pass the trait to all their daughters.
D.
The trait skips generations.
Question No. 25
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Consider a genetic condition where males are more severely affected than females, and affected individuals often have unaffected parents. This pattern is characteristic of:
A.
Autosomal dominant inheritance
B.
Mitochondrial inheritance
C.
X-linked recessive inheritance
D.
Y-linked inheritance
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