Polyploidy, Aneuploidy & Euploidy

Question No. 1 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following best describes aneuploidy?

A. The presence of an abnormal number of complete sets of chromosomes.
B. A condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
C. The presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes within a set, typically involving a single chromosome.
D. A state where an organism has exactly two complete sets of chromosomes.

Question No. 2 Marks +1 -0 Time

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An organism with a chromosomal constitution of 3n is known as a:

A. Diploid
B. Monosomic
C. Triploid
D. Tetraploid

Question No. 3 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which genetic condition is characterized by Trisomy 21?

A. Turner Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Down Syndrome
D. Edwards Syndrome

Question No. 4 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Match the following chromosomal abnormalities with their descriptions:

List I (Abnormality)	List II (Description)
1. Monosomy	(a) Loss of a single chromosome (2n-1)
2. Trisomy	(b) Presence of three complete sets of chromosomes (3n)
3. Triploidy	(c) Gain of a single chromosome (2n+1)
4. Nullisomy	(d) Loss of both homologous chromosomes (2n-2)

Which of the following options provides the correct match?

A. 1-(a), 2-(c), 3-(b), 4-(d)
B. 1-(b), 2-(a), 3-(c), 4-(d)
C. 1-(a), 2-(b), 3-(c), 4-(d)
D. 1-(d), 2-(c), 3-(b), 4-(a)

Question No. 5 Marks +1 -0 Time

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A key difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy is that:

A. Autopolyploidy involves chromosome sets from different species, while allopolyploidy involves sets from the same species.
B. Autopolyploidy results from hybridization followed by chromosome doubling, while allopolyploidy results from errors in mitosis or meiosis within one species.
C. Autopolyploidy involves multiple chromosome sets derived from a single species, whereas allopolyploidy involves multiple sets derived from two or more different species.
D. Autopolyploidy always leads to fertile offspring, while allopolyploidy always leads to sterile offspring.

Question No. 6 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following statements about euploidy is TRUE?

A. Euploidy refers to any deviation from the diploid chromosome number.
B. Haploidy, diploidy, and polyploidy are all forms of euploidy.
C. Euploidy specifically describes the condition of having an extra chromosome.
D. Aneuploidy is a specific type of euploidy.

Question No. 7 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Non-disjunction during meiosis I or meiosis II is the primary cause of:

A. Autopolyploidy
B. Allopolyploidy
C. Aneuploidy
D. Diploidy

Question No. 8 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is an example of an allopolyploid organism?

A. A giant variety of a rose developed by colchicine treatment.
B. A sterile mule (hybrid of horse and donkey).
C. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), which is a hexaploid derived from different ancestral species.
D. A human with Down Syndrome.

Question No. 9 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Consider the following statements about polyploidy:
I. Polyploidy is common in plants and rare in animals.
II. Polyploid plants often exhibit increased cell size and vigor.
III. Polyploidy always leads to sterility in organisms.

Which of the statements given above are CORRECT?

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III

Question No. 10 Marks +1 -0 Time

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A human individual with Klinefelter Syndrome has the sex chromosome constitution:

A. XO
B. XXY
C. XYY
D. XXX

Question No. 11 Marks +1 -0 Time

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If a diploid organism (2n) produces gametes that are diploid (2n) due to meiotic errors, and these gametes fuse, the resulting zygote would be:

A. Diploid (2n)
B. Triploid (3n)
C. Tetraploid (4n)
D. Aneuploid (e.g., 2n+1)

Question No. 12 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the chromosomal constitution of an individual with Turner Syndrome?

A. 47, XXY
B. 45, XO
C. 47, XXX
D. 47, XYY

Question No. 13 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following processes can lead to the formation of an autotetraploid?

A. Hybridization between two different species.
B. Non-disjunction of a single chromosome during meiosis.
C. Endoreduplication of chromosomes in somatic cells, followed by sexual reproduction.
D. Loss of a complete set of chromosomes during gamete formation.

Question No. 14 Marks +1 -0 Time

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How many of the following pairs correctly match the aneuploid condition with its chromosomal abnormality?
I. Patau Syndrome - Trisomy 13
II. Edwards Syndrome - Trisomy 18
III. Cri-du-chat Syndrome - Monosomy 5
IV. Down Syndrome - Trisomy 21

A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

Question No. 15 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Polyploidy is often associated with increased fruit and flower size in plants. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as:

A. Hybrid vigor
B. Gigas effect
C. Dosage compensation
D. Genetic drift

Question No. 16 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT a form of aneuploidy?

A. Monosomy (2n-1)
B. Trisomy (2n+1)
C. Tetraploidy (4n)
D. Nullisomy (2n-2)

Question No. 17 Marks +1 -0 Time

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A species has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=10. What would be the chromosome number of a trisomic individual of this species?

A. 10
B. 11
C. 15
D. 20

Question No. 18 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary cellular event that leads to aneuploidy?

A. Chromosome breakage and rearrangement during mitosis.
B. Failure of cytokinesis after mitosis.
C. Non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis or mitosis.
D. Duplication of an entire set of chromosomes.

Question No. 19 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the context of polyploidy, what does amphidiploid refer to?

A. An organism with four sets of chromosomes from a single species.
B. A diploid organism that is sterile.
C. An allopolyploid that behaves like a diploid during meiosis, often fertile.
D. An organism with an extra copy of a single chromosome.

Question No. 20 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following conditions is a result of aneuploidy of sex chromosomes?

A. Cystic Fibrosis
B. Huntington's Disease
C. Turner Syndrome
D. Sickle Cell Anemia

Question No. 21 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Consider a plant species with 2n=14 chromosomes. If an individual of this species is found to be triploid, how many chromosomes would it have?

A. 7
B. 14
C. 21
D. 28

Question No. 22 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of most polyploid organisms compared to their diploid counterparts?

A. Reduced cell size and slower growth rate.
B. Increased genetic diversity and potential for new species formation.
C. Higher susceptibility to diseases due to fewer gene copies.
D. Uniformly sterile offspring due to meiotic irregularities.

Question No. 23 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Match the following terms with their definitions:

Term	Definition
1. Euploidy	(a) An organism with an extra set of chromosomes from a different species.
2. Aneuploidy	(b) An organism with a complete set of chromosomes.
3. Autopolyploidy	(c) An organism with an abnormal number of individual chromosomes.
4. Allopolyploidy	(d) An organism with multiple complete sets of chromosomes from the same species.

Which of the following options provides the correct match?

A. 1-(b), 2-(c), 3-(d), 4-(a)
B. 1-(c), 2-(b), 3-(a), 4-(d)
C. 1-(b), 2-(a), 3-(d), 4-(c)
D. 1-(d), 2-(c), 3-(b), 4-(a)

Question No. 24 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following events would most likely result in the formation of an allopolyploid?

A. Failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis in a diploid organism.
B. Cross-pollination between two distinct plant species, followed by chromosome doubling in the hybrid offspring.
C. A mutation causing a single base pair change in a gene.
D. Loss of a chromosome during meiosis in a haploid organism.

Question No. 25 Marks +1 -0 Time

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An individual with the karyotype 47, XXY is an example of:

A. Euploidy
B. Diploidy
C. Polyploidy
D. Aneuploidy

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