Principles of Plant Propagation (Sexual, Asexual, PGRs, Rootstocks, Incompatibility, Parthenocarpy) – PenExam

Principles of Plant Propagation (Sexual, Asexual, PGRs, Rootstocks, Incompatibility, Parthenocarpy)

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Question No. 1 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following plant growth regulators (PGRs) is primarily responsible for the initiation and promotion of adventitious root formation in stem cuttings?

A. Gibberellins
B. Cytokinins
C. Auxins
D. Abscisic Acid

Question No. 2 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is NOT a common asexual propagation method?

A. Grafting
B. Budding
C. Layering
D. Self-pollination

Question No. 3 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Consider the following statements regarding seed dormancy:
1. Physical dormancy is often caused by a hard, impermeable seed coat preventing water uptake.
2. Physiological dormancy typically involves chemical inhibitors within the embryo.
3. Scarification is a method used to overcome physiological dormancy.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2 and 3

Question No. 4 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Match the following types of asexual propagation with their respective descriptions:

Propagation Type	Description
1. Air Layering	(P) Detached plant part that forms adventitious roots
2. Budding	(Q) Forming roots on a shoot while still attached to the parent plant
3. Cutting	(R) Joining a scion (bud) to a rootstock
4. Grafting	(S) Joining a scion (shoot) to a rootstock

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

A. 1-Q, 2-R, 3-P, 4-S
B. 1-P, 2-R, 3-Q, 4-S
C. 1-Q, 2-S, 3-P, 4-R
D. 1-R, 2-Q, 3-P, 4-S

Question No. 5 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a primary advantage of using a dwarfing rootstock in fruit tree cultivation?

A. Increased tree vigor and height
B. Delayed fruit maturity
C. Improved pest and disease resistance only
D. Facilitates high-density planting and easier harvesting

Question No. 6 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Graft incompatibility often manifests through various symptoms. Which of the following is typically NOT a direct symptom of graft incompatibility?

A. Breaking at the graft union when stressed
B. Yellowing of leaves on the rootstock below the union
C. Differential growth rate between scion and rootstock
D. Premature defoliation of the scion

Question No. 7 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The development of fruit without fertilization is known as:

A. Apomixis
B. Polyembryony
C. Parthenocarpy
D. Agamospermy

Question No. 8 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary role of a 'mother plant' in traditional asexual propagation techniques like cuttings and layering?

A. To provide pollen for fertilization
B. To produce genetically identical propagules
C. To develop disease resistance in new plants
D. To serve as a rootstock for grafting

Question No. 9 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following statements about cytokinins is correct?

A. They primarily promote cell elongation in stems.
B. They are mainly involved in dormancy induction.
C. They promote cell division and differentiation, particularly in conjunction with auxins.
D. They stimulate fruit ripening.

Question No. 10 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In tissue culture, what term describes the undifferentiated mass of cells formed from explants?

A. Protoplast
B. Somatic embryo
C. Callus
D. Meristemoid

Question No. 11 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Why is cambial contact crucial for successful grafting?

A. To prevent water loss from the graft union.
B. To facilitate immediate nutrient transfer from rootstock to scion.
C. To allow vascular tissues to connect and heal the wound.
D. To ensure genetic compatibility between scion and rootstock.

Question No. 12 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following PGRs is known to break seed dormancy and promote germination, particularly in many dicot seeds?

A. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
B. Ethylene
C. Gibberellins (GAs)
D. Auxins

Question No. 13 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Chronological order of stages in typical micropropagation protocol is:
1. Multiplication
2. Establishment
3. Hardening
4. Rooting (Pre-transplant)

Select the correct sequence.

A. 2 - 1 - 4 - 3
B. 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
C. 2 - 4 - 1 - 3
D. 1 - 4 - 2 - 3

Question No. 14 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which type of grafting is specifically used to repair damaged bark or to bridge a girdled portion of a tree trunk?

A. Cleft grafting
B. Whip-and-tongue grafting
C. Bridge grafting
D. Bud grafting

Question No. 15 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without sexual fusion. Which of the following crops commonly exhibits apomixis?

A. Maize
B. Wheat
C. Citrus
D. Rice

Question No. 16 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary purpose of 'root pruning' in propagation practices, especially for nursery stock?

A. To promote deeper root penetration for better anchorage.
B. To stimulate the development of a fibrous root system closer to the stem.
C. To increase the overall size of the root system dramatically.
D. To delay the growth of the plant for transplanting.

Question No. 17 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of rootstocks in plant propagation?

A. Rootstocks provide the genetic material for the fruit and foliage of the grafted plant.
B. Rootstocks influence scion vigor, disease resistance, and adaptability to soil conditions.
C. Rootstocks are only used for propagation of fruit trees and never for ornamental plants.
D. Rootstocks exclusively determine the fruit quality and yield of the grafted plant.

Question No. 18 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which hormone is commonly applied exogenously to induce parthenocarpy in fruits like tomatoes and grapes?

A. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
B. Ethylene
C. Cytokinins
D. Auxins or Gibberellins

Question No. 19 Marks +1 -0 Time

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In the context of plant propagation, 'etiolation' is sometimes used as a treatment to improve rooting. What does etiolation involve?

A. Exposing shoots to intense light to harden them.
B. Growing plants in complete darkness to promote shoot elongation.
C. Applying high concentrations of rooting hormones.
D. Excluding light from the stem base during the rooting phase.

Question No. 20 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following statements regarding graft incompatibility is correct?

A. Incompatibility is always visible immediately after grafting.
B. Delayed incompatibility can manifest years after grafting.
C. Chemical incompatibility is solely due to viral transmission.
D. Graft incompatibility can be completely overcome by using a interstock from any species.

Question No. 21 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary function of a 'nurse graft' in plant propagation?

A. To provide temporary support for a weak scion until it establishes its own roots.
B. To induce dwarfing in vigorously growing scions.
C. To increase the lifespan of the rootstock.
D. To facilitate disease transfer for experimental purposes.

Question No. 22 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which PGR is known to inhibit seed germination and promote dormancy, often playing a role in the plant's response to stress conditions?

A. Gibberellins
B. Auxins
C. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
D. Ethylene

Question No. 23 Marks +1 -0 Time

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The process of 'stratification' is primarily used to overcome which type of seed dormancy?

A. Physical dormancy (hard seed coat)
B. Chemical dormancy (presence of inhibitors)
C. Physiological dormancy (immature or dormant embryo)
D. Mechanical dormancy (restricted embryo growth)

Question No. 24 Marks +1 -0 Time

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Which of the following is a key characteristic of herbaceous stem cuttings compared to hardwood stem cuttings?

A. They are taken from mature, woody stems and root slowly.
B. They are typically taken from soft, non-woody stems and root relatively quickly.
C. They require a long period of dormancy before rooting.
D. They have a low moisture content and high carbohydrate reserves.

Question No. 25 Marks +1 -0 Time

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What is the primary objective of using an 'interstock' in grafting?

A. To create a more robust graft union that is immune to diseases.
B. To bridge incompatibility between the scion and the rootstock.
C. To induce polyploidy in the grafted plant for larger fruits.
D. To serve as a temporary root system until the scion roots.

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