Consider the following statements regarding seed dormancy:

1. External dormancy is primarily due to hard seed coats impermeable to water and gases.
2. Internal dormancy is caused by physiological immaturity of the embryo or presence of inhibitors.
3. Scarification is a technique used to overcome internal dormancy.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The propagation method where a rootstock is joined with a scion of a desired variety, and the union is covered with soil, allowing the scion to develop its own roots, is known as:

Which of the following horticultural crops is predominantly propagated through runners?

Match the following propagation methods with the crops they are most commonly associated with:

Method	Crop
1. Chip Budding	a. Rose
2. Air Layering	b. Mango
3. T-budding	c. Guava
4. Grafting	d. Citrus

How many pairs are correctly matched?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of sexual propagation (seed propagation) compared to asexual propagation?

The process of preparing a seed for germination by exposing it to cold, moist conditions to break dormancy is called:

In micropropagation, the undifferentiated mass of cells produced in vitro from explants is known as:

Which type of layering technique is particularly effective for propagating fruit trees like litchi and guava, especially when a branch is rooted while still attached to the mother plant and then detached?

Arrange the following steps of micropropagation in a typical chronological order:

1. Multiplication of shoots
2. Hardening and acclimatization
3. Rooting of plantlets
4. Establishment of aseptic culture

A rootstock is chosen for grafting primarily because it influences which of the following characteristics of the scion?

What is the primary function of a mist chamber in horticultural propagation?

Which of the following describes a 'hardwood cutting'?

The term 'budding' in horticultural propagation specifically refers to a method where:

Which of these crops is typically propagated through suckers originating from underground rhizomes?

Consider the following statements about plant tissue culture:

1. It allows for the production of disease-free plants, especially from virus-infected mother plants.
2. It enables rapid multiplication of new plant varieties.
3. Genetic variability (somaclonal variation) is always a desired outcome in micropropagation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the success of grafting?

The botanical process by which a plant part (e.g., a branch) develops roots while still attached to the parent plant, before being severed, is generally termed:

Which component of a grafting union is responsible for providing the root system and anchoring the new plant?

Which of the following propagation methods is most likely to transmit systemic viral diseases from the parent plant to the progeny?

What is the primary role of cytokinins in plant tissue culture and propagation?

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the application of grafting in horticulture:

Which type of cutting is typically taken from deciduous plants during their dormant season and requires a longer time to root?

The primary advantage of using an interstock (intermediate stem piece) in grafting is to:

Match the specialized underground structures with the crops they are primarily associated with for vegetative propagation:

Structure	Crop
1. Bulb	a. Ginger
2. Tuber	b. Gladiolus
3. Corm	c. Onion
4. Rhizome	d. Potato

Which of the following is the correct matching?