The primary agent responsible for the transmission of Yellow vein mosaic disease in Bhendi (Okra), as highlighted in the PYQ context, is analogous to understanding the role of a key component in soil degradation. In the context of problematic soils, which of the following is considered the main cause of sodicity in soils?

Pusa Arunima, a variety mentioned in the PYQ, signifies the importance of specific crop varieties. Similarly, different soil types have distinct characteristics. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Lateritic soils found predominantly in the Western and Southern parts of Odisha?

Girdling, a horticultural practice from the PYQ context, is a specific technique. In soil science, managing problematic soils also requires specific techniques. What is the primary purpose of adding gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) to sodic soils?

Which of the following pairs correctly matches the soil type with its dominant region in Odisha?

Soil Type	Dominant Region in Odisha
I. Alluvial Soil	Coastal Plains
II. Red and Yellow Soil	Western & Central Uplands
III. Lateritic Soil	Eastern Ghats & Plateau fringes
IV. Black Soil	Balasore & Mayurbhanj districts

Choose the correct option:

Consider the following statements regarding acidic soils in Odisha:
1. They are widespread, particularly in the hilly and plateau regions.
2. Liming is a common amendment practice to increase their pH.
3. Aluminum toxicity and phosphorus fixation are common problems in these soils.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What is the primary role of soil organic matter in improving the physical properties of soil?

Which of the following defines the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a soil?

The process of podzolization, where organic matter and iron/aluminum oxides are leached from upper horizons and accumulate in lower horizons, is most commonly associated with which climatic condition?

Which of the following is the most common and widespread soil type found in the coastal plains and river deltas of Odisha, known for its fertility and suitability for paddy cultivation?

Match the following problematic soil conditions with their primary causes:

Problematic Soil	Primary Cause
P. Saline Soil	1. High exchangeable sodium content
Q. Sodic Soil	2. Accumulation of soluble salts (mostly chlorides and sulfates)
R. Acidic Soil	3. Excessive leaching of basic cations and accumulation of H+ and Al3+ ions
S. Waterlogged Soil	4. Poor internal drainage and impermeable subsoil layers

Which of the following is the correct match?

The process of soil formation, known as pedogenesis, is influenced by several factors. Which of the following is generally considered the passive factor in pedogenesis?

In Odisha, red and yellow soils are extensive. The characteristic red color of these soils is primarily due to the presence of:

Which of the following soil types is most susceptible to severe gully erosion, particularly in the undulating uplands and plateau regions of Odisha?

Arranging the soil particles in decreasing order of their size, which of the following sequences is correct?

What is the primary management strategy for reclaiming saline soils?

Which soil physical property is most directly affected by the presence of a high percentage of clay particles, influencing water retention and nutrient holding capacity?

Consider the following statements about Black soils found in Odisha:
1. They are also known as Regur soils.
2. They are rich in clay content, leading to high water retention.
3. They are widely distributed throughout the coastal plains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements best describes a waterlogged soil?

The phenomenon where iron and aluminum are leached from the A-horizon and accumulate in the B-horizon, giving it a yellowish-red color, is characteristic of soils formed under intense weathering in humid tropical and subtropical regions. This process is called:

What is the primary reason for the unique 'cracking' property of Black Cotton Soils (Regur soils)?

Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of including leguminous crops in a rotation for soil health management?

The 'buffer capacity' of a soil refers to its ability to:

Arranging the steps for effective management of acidic soils in a logical sequence:
1. Soil testing to determine pH and lime requirement.
2. Application of liming materials (e.g., CaCO3).
3. Mixing lime thoroughly into the soil.
4. Monitoring soil pH and plant response.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence?

Which of the following agricultural practices is most effective in controlling wind erosion in dry, sandy areas?

The term 'Khondalite', often mentioned in relation to soils of Odisha, refers to:

What is the approximate ideal pH range for optimal growth of most horticultural and agricultural crops?

The formation of 'gley' horizons (grayish, bluish, or greenish colors) in soil profiles is indicative of:

Which of the following is a common biological method used to improve soil structure and fertility, especially in degraded or problematic soils?