Food Storage, Storage structures, practices, environment and its interaction with stored product
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Question No. 1
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What is the primary advantage of
steel silos
over traditional warehouses for grain storage?
A.
Require 1/3rd land area with better preservation and bulk handling
B.
Cannot be operated round the clock
C.
Increase post-harvest losses
D.
Require more land area
Question No. 2
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What is the estimated
post-harvest loss
due to inadequate storage infrastructure in India?
A.
Less than 1% of total production
B.
Around 50% of total production
C.
Around 25% of total production
D.
Around 6% of total production
Question No. 3
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What is
controlled atmosphere (CA) storage
?
A.
Storage with increased oxygen levels
B.
Storage without any gas control
C.
Storage at normal atmospheric conditions
D.
Precisely controlled gas composition with O₂ below 8% and CO₂ above 1%
Question No. 4
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What is the normal atmospheric composition at ambient conditions?
A.
60% CO₂, 40% N₂, and 0% O₂
B.
50% N₂, 50% O₂, and 0% CO₂
C.
90% O₂, 10% N₂, and 0% CO₂
D.
78.08% N₂, 20.98% O₂, and 0.03% CO₂
Question No. 5
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What is
hermetic storage
?
A.
Storage with maximum air circulation
B.
Storage with frequent air exchange
C.
Completely airtight sealed storage that prevents oxygen entry
D.
Storage in open containers
Question No. 6
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What is the ideal
temperature range
for storing wheat and corn?
A.
0-10 degrees Fahrenheit
B.
40-50 degrees Fahrenheit
C.
100-120 degrees Fahrenheit
D.
80-90 degrees Fahrenheit
Question No. 7
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What is the
ideal moisture content
for wheat storage?
A.
14-20%
B.
5-8%
C.
50-60%
D.
30-40%
Question No. 8
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What is the primary purpose of
aeration systems
in silos?
A.
Add moisture to grains
B.
Remove all oxygen completely
C.
Maintain cooler temperatures and prevent hot spots
D.
Increase temperature inside silos
Question No. 9
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What percentage of
post-harvest wheat losses
is attributed to rodents?
A.
2.5%
B.
15%
C.
0.1%
D.
10%
Question No. 10
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What is the ideal
relative humidity range
for food storage?
A.
70-80%
B.
10-15%
C.
80-90%
D.
30-50%
Question No. 11
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What is the main difference between
CA and MAP
storage?
A.
CA cannot preserve fruits
B.
CA is cheaper than MAP
C.
CA continuously controls gas levels; MAP gas levels change dynamically
D.
MAP requires higher temperatures
Question No. 12
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What is a
silo
?
A.
A transportation vehicle
B.
A cylindrical, hermetically sealed vertical structure for bulk storage
C.
An open storage platform
D.
A horizontal warehouse structure
Question No. 13
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What material is commonly used for constructing
modern steel silos
?
A.
Galvanized steel sheets or ZINCALUME steel
B.
Plastic sheets
C.
Wooden planks
D.
Plain iron sheets
Question No. 14
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What causes
hot spots
in grain storage?
A.
External cooling systems
B.
Grain respiration releasing heat and moisture in localized areas
C.
Proper aeration
D.
Low temperature storage
Question No. 15
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What is the storage capacity of
large commercial silos
in India?
A.
Around 5,000 tonnes
B.
Around 100,000 tonnes
C.
Around 25,000 tonnes
D.
Around 500 tonnes
Question No. 16
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Which organization is primarily responsible for
food grain storage infrastructure
in India?
A.
Food Corporation of India (FCI)
B.
Ministry of Finance
C.
NITI Aayog
D.
Reserve Bank of India
Question No. 17
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What is the main advantage of
vertical storage
in silos?
A.
Difficult material handling
B.
Increased land requirement
C.
Optimized space utilization and reduced land requirement
D.
Higher post-harvest losses
Question No. 18
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What is
modified atmosphere (MA) storage
?
A.
Storage without any gas present
B.
Storage at exactly normal atmospheric conditions
C.
Any deviation from normal atmospheric composition
D.
Storage with 100% oxygen
Question No. 19
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What is the primary purpose of using
IoT (Internet of Things)
in smart grain storage?
A.
Making manual monitoring easier
B.
Reducing storage capacity
C.
Increasing storage costs
D.
Real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, and grain quality
Question No. 20
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What are the two types of
silos or bins
classified by depth?
A.
Open bin and closed bin
B.
Shallow bin and deep bin
C.
Hot bin and cold bin
D.
Wide bin and narrow bin
Question No. 21
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What is the main challenge in maintaining
grain storage facilities
in developing countries?
A.
Advanced technology overuse
B.
Excessive funding
C.
Too many facilities
D.
Aging infrastructure, inadequate funding, and lack of maintenance
Question No. 22
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What percentage of
fruits and vegetables
was wasted in India due to poor storage?
A.
About 60%
B.
About 30%
C.
About 80%
D.
About 5%
Question No. 23
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What is the purpose of
dehumidifiers
in storage areas?
A.
Control humidity levels to prevent mold growth and pest attraction
B.
Add moisture to products
C.
Increase temperature
D.
Increase humidity levels
Question No. 24
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What is
FIFO
principle in storage management?
A.
Full In, Fast Out
B.
First In, First Out - using older stock before new stock
C.
Final Input, First Output
D.
First In, Forever Out
Question No. 25
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What is the main disadvantage of
concrete silos
compared to steel silos?
A.
Lower maintenance
B.
Longer construction time and higher initial cost
C.
Faster installation
D.
Better corrosion resistance
Question No. 26
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What are
primary storage pests
?
A.
Non-damaging organisms
B.
Insects that only damage broken grains
C.
Beneficial insects
D.
Insects that damage sound, intact grains
Question No. 27
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What percentage of
insect-related post-harvest losses
occurs in wheat?
A.
10%
B.
3.0%
C.
15%
D.
0.5%
Question No. 28
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What is the purpose of
fumigation
in grain storage?
A.
Change grain color
B.
Control insect and pest populations using gaseous pesticides
C.
Increase moisture content
D.
Add nutrients to grains
Question No. 29
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What material is commonly used for
hermetic storage bags
?
A.
Jute
B.
Polypropylene
C.
Cotton
D.
Paper
Question No. 30
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What is a
mandi storage facility
?
A.
Temporary grain storage at agricultural market yards
B.
Cold storage for vegetables
C.
Permanent long-term storage
D.
Industrial processing facility
Question No. 31
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What is the main purpose of
buffer stock
in food security?
A.
Export to other countries
B.
Industrial processing
C.
Strategic reserve for emergency food supply and price stabilization
D.
Immediate sale to consumers
Question No. 32
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What is the characteristic feature of
spiral steel silos
?
A.
Assembled from plastic panels
B.
Made from wooden planks
C.
Constructed using spiral-fold galvanized steel sheets
D.
Built with concrete blocks
Question No. 33
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What is
dust explosion
hazard in silos?
A.
Cleaning procedure
B.
Pest control method
C.
Normal ventilation process
D.
Ignition of suspended grain dust particles causing explosion
Question No. 34
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What is the recommended
CO₂ level
in controlled atmosphere storage?
A.
Above 1%
B.
Above 50%
C.
Exactly 0%
D.
Below 0.1%
Question No. 35
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What is the main benefit of
hygrometers
in storage management?
A.
Control pest populations
B.
Measure only temperature
C.
Monitor and measure relative humidity levels
D.
Add moisture to air
Question No. 36
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What are
secondary storage pests
?
A.
Insects that feed on broken, damaged, or already infested grains
B.
Beneficial predatory insects
C.
Non-feeding insects
D.
Insects that attack sound grains
Question No. 37
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What is the main advantage of
licensed warehouses
under Agricultural Products Licensed Warehousing Law?
A.
Unlimited storage without inspection
B.
No regulations required
C.
Only for non-food items
D.
Safe and standardized storage with regulatory oversight
Question No. 38
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What causes
rewetting
of stored products?
A.
Low humidity
B.
Condensation from temperature differences and poor ventilation
C.
Excessive drying
D.
Proper aeration
Question No. 39
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What is the purpose of
foundation design
in silo construction?
A.
Only for aesthetic purposes
B.
Increase storage capacity
C.
Control temperature
D.
Support the structure and distribute loads according to soil conditions
Question No. 40
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What is the main characteristic of
integrated pest management (IPM)
in storage?
A.
Using only biological control
B.
Ignoring pest problems
C.
Using only chemical pesticides
D.
Combination of multiple pest control methods to reduce pesticide use
Question No. 41
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What percentage of
total post-harvest losses
in India is estimated?
A.
About 50%
B.
About 75%
C.
About 2%
D.
About 10%
Question No. 42
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What is the benefit of
temperature-controlled warehouses
?
A.
Reduce storage capacity
B.
Eliminate need for monitoring
C.
Maintain optimal temperature to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life
D.
Increase product temperature
Question No. 43
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What is
grain respiration
?
A.
Artificial cooling process
B.
Biological process where stored grain releases heat, moisture, and CO₂
C.
Mechanical ventilation
D.
Chemical preservation
Question No. 44
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What is the main purpose of
airtight containers
in food storage?
A.
Prevent oxygen entry, moisture absorption, and pest infestation
B.
Increase air circulation
C.
Add moisture to food
D.
Allow pest entry
Question No. 45
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What is the ideal storage temperature for
quinoa
?
A.
40-50 degrees Fahrenheit
B.
100-120 degrees Fahrenheit
C.
75-80 degrees Fahrenheit
D.
0-10 degrees Fahrenheit
Question No. 46
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What are
mites
in stored grain?
A.
Large rodents
B.
Plant diseases
C.
Microscopic arachnids that infest and contaminate stored products
D.
Beneficial insects
Question No. 47
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What is the advantage of
automated storage systems
?
A.
Increased manual labor
B.
Improved efficiency, reduced labor, and better inventory management
C.
Slower operations
D.
Higher error rates
Question No. 48
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What is the main characteristic of
covered storage structures
?
A.
Protected from weather elements with proper roofing
B.
Completely open to environment
C.
Underground storage
D.
Floating structures
Question No. 49
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What is the purpose of
silica gel packs
in storage containers?
A.
Absorb excess moisture and maintain dry conditions
B.
Provide nutrients
C.
Add moisture to products
D.
Increase temperature
Question No. 50
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What is
physiological disorder
in stored produce?
A.
Bacterial infection
B.
Non-infectious abnormality from improper storage conditions
C.
Viral disease
D.
Insect damage
Question No. 51
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What is the main benefit of
bulk handling facilities
in silos?
A.
Increased manual labor requirement
B.
Efficient mechanized loading, unloading, and transportation
C.
Higher spillage losses
D.
Slower handling speed
Question No. 52
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What is the effect of
high humidity
on stored grains?
A.
Promotes mold growth, insect activity, and quality deterioration
B.
Improves grain quality
C.
Prevents pest infestation
D.
Extends shelf life
Question No. 53
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What is the purpose of
regular inspection
in storage facilities?
A.
Reducing storage capacity
B.
Promoting pest growth
C.
Early detection of pest infestation, spoilage, and quality issues
D.
Increasing storage costs
Question No. 54
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What are
weevils
in grain storage?
A.
Birds
B.
Rodents
C.
Beetle species that bore into and damage stored grains
D.
Beneficial insects
Question No. 55
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What is the advantage of
ZINCALUME steel
for silo construction?
A.
Higher corrosion rate
B.
Superior corrosion resistance and longer service life
C.
Lower strength
D.
Shorter lifespan
Question No. 56
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What is
cold chain infrastructure
?
A.
Temperature-controlled supply chain from production to consumption
B.
Hot storage facility
C.
Uncontrolled transportation
D.
Storage at room temperature
Question No. 57
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What is the purpose of
proper ventilation
in warehouses?
A.
Increase moisture buildup
B.
Promote pest breeding
C.
Raise storage temperature
D.
Control humidity, prevent condensation, and reduce hot spots
Question No. 58
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What is
ethylene control
in storage?
A.
Managing ethylene gas to control ripening and senescence
B.
Adding ethylene to all products
C.
Using only nitrogen
D.
Ignoring gas composition
Question No. 59
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What is the main challenge with
plastic containers
for grain storage?
A.
Too transparent
B.
Condensation, poor aeration, and potential for moisture accumulation
C.
Too expensive
D.
Excessive aeration
Question No. 60
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What is the
hopper bottom
in a silo structure?
A.
The ventilation system
B.
The top cover of silo
C.
Conical or funnel-shaped bottom section for grain discharge
D.
The cylindrical wall
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