Plant Pathology General Principal of plant disease control
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Question No. 1
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Which of the following is NOT a general principle of plant disease control?
A.
Protection
B.
Eradication
C.
Prevention
D.
Diagnosis
Question No. 2
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What does 'avoidance of the pathogen' primarily involve?
A.
Eliminating the pathogen from seeds
B.
Applying chemical fungicides
C.
Preventing the pathogen from encountering the host
D.
Using disease-resistant varieties
Question No. 3
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Quarantine, inspection, and embargo are examples of which type of disease control measure?
A.
Eradication
B.
Protection
C.
Exclusion
D.
Therapy
Question No. 4
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Which method is used to eliminate a pathogen after it has established itself on the host?
A.
Exclusion
B.
Eradication
C.
Protection
D.
Avoidance
Question No. 5
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Crop rotation, sanitation, and elimination of alternate hosts are examples of:
A.
Protective measures
B.
Eradication measures
C.
Exclusion measures
D.
Avoidance measures
Question No. 6
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What is the primary method used in 'protective' plant disease control?
A.
Applying chemical fungicides
B.
Using disease-resistant varieties
C.
Modifying cultural practices
D.
Eliminating alternate hosts
Question No. 7
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Who developed the hot water treatment method for seed treatment?
A.
Luthra & Sattar
B.
Jensen
C.
Stakman
D.
De Bary
Question No. 8
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What is the typical temperature and duration for the hot water treatment of seeds?
A.
60°C for 5 minutes
B.
54°C for 10 minutes
C.
45°C for 20 minutes
D.
50°C for 15 minutes
Question No. 9
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Which disease is commonly controlled by the hot water treatment of seeds?
A.
Loose smut of wheat
B.
Powdery mildew
C.
Downy mildew
D.
Rust
Question No. 10
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Who developed the solar energy treatment method for controlling loose smut of wheat?
A.
Jensen
B.
Luthra & Sattar
C.
Butler
D.
Kühn
Question No. 11
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When is the solar energy treatment method typically carried out?
A.
During the monsoon season
B.
In the spring
C.
In the winter
D.
In May-June
Question No. 12
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How long are the seeds soaked in water before undergoing solar energy treatment?
A.
2-3 hours
B.
4-5 hours
C.
6-7 hours
D.
1-2 hours
Question No. 13
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Which of the following crops is the solar energy treatment method used to control loose smut in?
A.
Rice
B.
Wheat and Barley
C.
Maize
D.
Sugarcane
Question No. 14
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What is the final step in the solar energy treatment method?
A.
Storing the seeds in a cool place
B.
Drying the seeds in the sun
C.
Treating the seeds with fungicide
D.
Soaking the seeds in hot water
Question No. 15
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Where are the seeds typically dried during the solar energy treatment method?
A.
In a shaded area
B.
On a cemented floor or metal sheet
C.
In a greenhouse
D.
On a cloth
Question No. 16
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Which of these is a method of seed treatment using physical means?
A.
Hot water treatment
B.
Chemical seed dressing
C.
Biological seed treatment
D.
Seed inoculation
Question No. 17
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The hot water treatment is effective against pathogens that are located:
A.
On the seed surface
B.
Inside the seed
C.
In the soil
D.
On the leaves
Question No. 18
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What is the primary principle behind the solar energy treatment?
A.
Using heat from the sun to kill the pathogen
B.
Using solar radiation to stimulate seed germination
C.
Using sunlight to enhance seed vigor
D.
Using solar energy to dry the seeds
Question No. 19
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Why is it important to dry the seeds thoroughly after the hot water or solar energy treatment?
A.
To prevent fungal growth
B.
To improve seed viability
C.
To make the seeds easier to handle
D.
To prepare the seeds for storage
Question No. 20
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Besides loose smut, what other disease can be managed using seed treatments?
A.
Bacterial blight
B.
Seed rot
C.
Viral diseases
D.
All of the above (depending on the pathogen)
Question No. 21
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Which factor is crucial for the success of the solar energy treatment method?
A.
Cloudy weather
B.
High humidity
C.
Bright sunlight
D.
Cool temperatures
Question No. 22
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What is the advantage of using solar energy treatment over other methods?
A.
It is more effective
B.
It is cheaper and environmentally friendly
C.
It is faster
D.
It requires less labor
Question No. 23
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What is a potential disadvantage of the hot water treatment?
A.
It can damage the seeds if not done correctly
B.
It is expensive
C.
It is difficult to perform
D.
It is only effective against a few diseases
Question No. 24
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In disease control, 'protection' focuses on:
A.
Preventing infection
B.
Eliminating the pathogen
C.
Treating infected plants
D.
Identifying the disease
Question No. 25
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Which of these practices contributes to 'avoidance' of a pathogen?
A.
Planting crops in a disease-free area
B.
Applying fungicides regularly
C.
Removing infected plant debris
D.
Rotating crops
Question No. 26
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What is the role of 'exclusion' in plant disease management?
A.
Preventing the pathogen from entering a new area
B.
Eliminating the pathogen from an area
C.
Protecting plants from infection
D.
Treating infected plants
Question No. 27
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Why is 'sanitation' important in disease control?
A.
It reduces the amount of pathogen inoculum
B.
It improves soil fertility
C.
It enhances plant growth
D.
It attracts beneficial insects
Question No. 28
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What does 'crop rotation' achieve in disease management?
A.
It disrupts the lifecycle of the pathogen
B.
It improves soil structure
C.
It increases nutrient availability
D.
It attracts pollinators
Question No. 29
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Eliminating alternate hosts helps to:
A.
Reduce the pathogen population
B.
Improve pollination
C.
Enhance plant growth
D.
Increase yield
Question No. 30
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Seed treatment aims to:
A.
Eradicate pathogens present on or in the seed
B.
Improve seed germination
C.
Enhance seedling vigor
D.
All of the above
Question No. 31
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Why is seed certification important?
A.
It ensures the seed is free from diseases and pests
B.
It guarantees high yield
C.
It ensures seed purity
D.
All of the above
Question No. 32
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What is the purpose of a quarantine in plant disease control?
A.
To prevent the spread of a disease to new areas
B.
To eliminate a disease from an area
C.
To treat infected plants
D.
To protect healthy plants
Question No. 33
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An 'embargo' in plant disease management refers to:
A.
A ban on the movement of specific plants or plant products
B.
A treatment applied to infected plants
C.
A method of disease detection
D.
A type of fungicide
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